我需要在Javascript中将dataURL转换为File对象,以便使用AJAX将其发送出去。可能吗?如果是,请告诉我如何。
答案 0 :(得分:46)
如果您需要通过ajax发送,则无需使用File
对象,只需要Blob
和FormData
个对象。
正如我的旁注,为什么不通过ajax将base64字符串发送到服务器并将其转换为二进制服务器端,例如使用PHP的base64_decode
?无论如何,来自this answer的符合标准的代码适用于Chrome 13和WebKit nightlies:
function dataURItoBlob(dataURI) {
// convert base64 to raw binary data held in a string
// doesn't handle URLEncoded DataURIs - see SO answer #6850276 for code that does this
var byteString = atob(dataURI.split(',')[1]);
// separate out the mime component
var mimeString = dataURI.split(',')[0].split(':')[1].split(';')[0];
// write the bytes of the string to an ArrayBuffer
var ab = new ArrayBuffer(byteString.length);
var ia = new Uint8Array(ab);
for (var i = 0; i < byteString.length; i++) {
ia[i] = byteString.charCodeAt(i);
}
//Old Code
//write the ArrayBuffer to a blob, and you're done
//var bb = new BlobBuilder();
//bb.append(ab);
//return bb.getBlob(mimeString);
//New Code
return new Blob([ab], {type: mimeString});
}
然后将blob附加到新的FormData对象并使用ajax将其发布到您的服务器:
var blob = dataURItoBlob(someDataUrl);
var fd = new FormData(document.forms[0]);
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
fd.append("myFile", blob);
xhr.open('POST', '/', true);
xhr.send(fd);
答案 1 :(得分:36)
{@ 3}}已弃用,不应再使用。使用BlobBuilder代替旧的BlobBuilder。代码非常简洁。
文件对象继承自Blob对象。您可以将它们与FormData对象一起使用。
function dataURLtoBlob(dataurl) {
var arr = dataurl.split(','), mime = arr[0].match(/:(.*?);/)[1],
bstr = atob(arr[1]), n = bstr.length, u8arr = new Uint8Array(n);
while(n--){
u8arr[n] = bstr.charCodeAt(n);
}
return new Blob([u8arr], {type:mime});
}
使用dataURLtoBlob()函数将dataURL转换为blob并将ajax发送到服务器。
例如:
var dataurl = 'data:text/plain;base64,aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=';
var blob = dataURLtoBlob(dataurl);
var fd = new FormData();
fd.append("file", blob, "hello.txt");
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('POST', '/server.php', true);
xhr.onload = function(){
alert('upload complete');
};
xhr.send(fd);
另一种方式:
您还可以使用Blob将url转换为文件对象(文件对象具有name / fileName属性,这与blob对象不同)
代码非常简短易用。 (works in Chrome and Firefox)
//load src and convert to a File instance object
//work for any type of src, not only image src.
//return a promise that resolves with a File instance
function srcToFile(src, fileName, mimeType){
return (fetch(src)
.then(function(res){return res.arrayBuffer();})
.then(function(buf){return new File([buf], fileName, {type:mimeType});})
);
}
用法示例1:只需转换为文件对象
srcToFile(
'data:text/plain;base64,aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=',
'hello.txt',
'text/plain'
)
.then(function(file){
console.log(file);
})
用法示例2:转换为文件对象并上传到服务器
srcToFile(
'data:text/plain;base64,aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=',
'hello.txt',
'text/plain'
)
.then(function(file){
console.log(file);
var fd = new FormData();
fd.append("file", file);
return fetch('/server.php', {method:'POST', body:fd});
})
.then(function(res){
return res.text();
})
.then(console.log)
.catch(console.error)
;
答案 2 :(得分:4)
从 dataURL 创建 blob:
const blob = await (await fetch(dataURL)).blob();
从 blob 创建文件:
const file = new File([blob], 'fileName.jpg', {type:"image/jpeg", lastModified:new Date()});
答案 3 :(得分:2)
如果您确实要将dataURL转换为File
对象。
您需要将dataURL转换为Blob
,然后将Blob
转换为File
。
功能来自马修的回答。 (https://stackoverflow.com/a/7261048/13647044)
function dataURItoBlob(dataURI) {
// convert base64 to raw binary data held in a string
// doesn't handle URLEncoded DataURIs - see SO answer #6850276 for code that does this
var byteString = atob(dataURI.split(',')[1]);
// separate out the mime component
var mimeString = dataURI.split(',')[0].split(':')[1].split(';')[0];
// write the bytes of the string to an ArrayBuffer
var ab = new ArrayBuffer(byteString.length);
var ia = new Uint8Array(ab);
for (var i = 0; i < byteString.length; i++) {
ia[i] = byteString.charCodeAt(i);
}
return new Blob([ab], { type: mimeString });
}
const blob = dataURItoBlob(url);
const resultFile = new File([blob], "file_name");
除此之外,还可以对File
对象进行初始化。 Reference到File()构造函数。
const resultFile = new File([blob], "file_name",{type:file.type,lastModified:1597081051454});
类型应为[MIME][1]
类型(即image/jpeg
),在我的示例中,最后修改的值等于Mon Aug 10 2020 19:37:31 GMT+0200 (Eastern European Standard Time)
答案 4 :(得分:0)
function dataURItoBlob(dataURI) {
// convert base64 to raw binary data held in a string
// doesn't handle URLEncoded DataURIs - see SO answer #6850276 for code that does this
var byteString = atob(dataURI.split(',')[1]);
// separate out the mime component
var mimeString = dataURI.split(',')[0].split(':')[1].split(';')[0];
// write the bytes of the string to an ArrayBuffer
var ab = new ArrayBuffer(byteString.length);
var dw = new DataView(ab);
for(var i = 0; i < byteString.length; i++) {
dw.setUint8(i, byteString.charCodeAt(i));
}
// write the ArrayBuffer to a blob, and you're done
return new Blob([ab], {type: mimeString});
}
module.exports = dataURItoBlob;