这个问题让我头疼了一阵子。我有一个PostgreSQL 8.4数据库,它只包含一个包含超过4.000.000条记录的表。该表的结构如下:
CREATE TABLE metadata (
id serial NOT NULL,
"value" text NOT NULL DEFAULT ''::text,
segment_box box NOT NULL DEFAULT box(point(((-9223372036854775808)::bigint)::double precision, (1)::double precision), point((9223372036854775807::bigint)::double precision, ((-1))::double precision)),
CONSTRAINT metadata_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)
)
CREATE INDEX metadata_segment_box_ix
ON metadata
USING gist
(segment_box);
CREATE INDEX metadata_tag_value_ix
ON metadata
USING btree
(value);
该表包含段(及时),表示为矩形框。这些段使用“值”列进行注释。
我想在数据库上执行的查询类型尝试查找具有特定窗口中包含的指定值的所有段。成功实现此目标的查询是:
SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM metadata WHERE value='X') a,
(SELECT * FROM metadata WHERE AND value='Y') b
WHERE a.segment_box <-> b.segment_box <= 3000
但是,正如您可能已经注意到的那样,数据库无法有效地执行此查询。子查询a和b的笛卡尔积正变得非常大。有没有办法更有效地执行这些查询?我可以想象某种滑动窗口方法可以解决问题。可能类似于以下内容:
SELECT *, rank() OVER (
PARTITION BY "value" ORDER BY (segment_box[1])[0], (segment_box[0])[0]
) FROM metadata WHERE value='X' OR value='Y'
更新: 发布此问题后,我尝试过的一件事就是在Postgres中创建自定义函数。我试过了:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION within_window(size bigint DEFAULT 0)
RETURNS setof metadata AS
$BODY$DECLARE
segment RECORD;
neighbour RECORD;
newwindow box;
BEGIN
FOR segment IN (
SELECT * FROM metadata WHERE value='X' OR value='Y'
ORDER BY (segment_box[1])[0], (segment_box[0])[0]
) LOOP
newwindow := box(segment.segment_box[0],
point((((segment.segment_box[1])[0]) + size), (segment.segment_box[1])[1]));
FOR neighbour IN (
SELECT DISTINCT ON (metadata_id) * FROM metadata WHERE value='X' OR value='Y')
AND segment_box &< newwindow
AND segment_box &> newwindow
) LOOP
RETURN NEXT neighbour;
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
END;$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;
但是,这个函数和我上面描述的基本解决方案一样慢,因为子查询必须多次执行。关于这个的任何其他想法??
答案 0 :(得分:2)
我用一种扫描线算法自己解决了这个问题。只执行一个查询。我使用游标在查询的结果集上来回扫描。生成的算法的工作原理如下:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION within_window(size bigint DEFAULT 0)
RETURNS setof metadata AS
$BODY$DECLARE
crsr SCROLL CURSOR FOR (SELECT * FROM metadata WHERE value='X' OR value='Y' ORDER BY (segment_box[1])[0], (segment_box[0])[0]);
rc RECORD;
rcc RECORD;
crsr_position int;
last_crsr int;
BEGIN
OPEN crsr;
crsr_position := 0;
LOOP FETCH NEXT FROM crsr INTO rc;
IF NOT FOUND THEN
EXIT;
END IF;
last_crsr := crsr_position;
LOOP FETCH NEXT FROM crsr INTO rcc;
IF NOT FOUND THEN
EXIT;
ELSEIF
rcc.segment_box &< box(rc.segment_box[0], point((((rc.segment_box[1])[0]) + size), (rc.segment_box[1])[1])) AND
rcc.segment_box &> box(rc.segment_box[0], point((((rc.segment_box[1])[0]) + size), (rc.segment_box[1])[1]))
THEN
RETURN NEXT rcc;
ELSE
EXIT;
END IF;
END LOOP;
crsr_position := last_crsr + 1;
MOVE ABSOLUTE crsr_position FROM crsr;
END LOOP;
CLOSE crsr;
END;$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;
使用此功能,查询只需要476毫秒而不是6分钟以上(在400万行数据库上)!