呼!很长的标题......这里有一些伪代码来解释这个词:
int main(){
int* ptr = function1(); //the data that ptr points to is correct here
function2(ptr);
}
int function2(int* ptr){
//the data that ptr points to is still correct
int i;
for(i=0;i<length;printf("%d\n", (*ptr)[i]), i++); //since ptr points to a contiguous block of memory
function3(ptr);
}
int function3(int* ptr){
//the data that ptr points to is INCORRECT!!!
}
为什么function3中的数据不正确?
注意:function1执行malloc()并返回指向该内存的指针。
实际代码
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
//Structures
struct hash_table_data_
{
int key, data;
struct hash_table_data_ *next, *prev;
};
struct hash_table_
{
int num_entries;
struct hash_table_data_ **entries;
};
typedef struct hash_table_data_ hash_table_data;
typedef struct hash_table_ hash_table;
//Prototypes
hash_table *new_hash_table(int num_entries);
int hash_table_add(hash_table *ht, int key, int data);
int hash_table_loader(hash_table* ht);
//Main
int main()
{
int num_entries = 8;//THIS MUST BE AUTOMATED
hash_table* ht = new_hash_table(num_entries);
hash_table_loader(ht);
return 0;
}
//Function Definitions
hash_table *new_hash_table(int num_entries)
{
hash_table* ht = (hash_table*) malloc(sizeof(hash_table));
hash_table_data* array = malloc(num_entries * sizeof(hash_table_data));
int i;
for (i=0;i<num_entries;i++)
{
array[i].key = -1;
array[i].data = -1;
array[i].next = NULL;
array[i].prev = NULL;
}
ht->entries = &array;
ht->num_entries = num_entries;
return ht;
}
int hash_table_add(hash_table *ht, int key, int data)
{
//VERIFY THAT THE VALUE ISN'T ALREADY IN THE TABLE!!!!!!!!!!!
int num_entries = ht->num_entries;
hash_table_data* array = *(ht->entries); //array elements are the LL base
int hash_val = key%num_entries;
printf("adding an element now...\n");
printf("current key: %d\n", array[hash_val].key);
int i;
for(i=0;i<num_entries;printf("%d\n", (*(ht->entries))[i].key),i++);//DATA IS INCORRECT!!!!
if (array[hash_val].key == -1)//is this the base link?
{
printf("added a new base link!\n");
array[hash_val].key = key;
array[hash_val].data = data;
array[hash_val].next = NULL;
array[hash_val].prev = &(array[hash_val]);
}
else//since it's not the base link...do stuff
{
hash_table_data* new_link = malloc(sizeof(hash_table_data));
new_link->key = key;//set the key value
new_link->data = data;//set the data value
if (array[hash_val].next == NULL)//we must have the second link
{
printf("added a new second link!\n");
new_link->prev = &(array[hash_val]); //set the new link's previous to be the base link
array[hash_val].next = new_link; //set the first link's next
}
else//we have the 3rd or greater link
{
printf("added a new 3rd or greater link!\n");
hash_table_data next_link_val = *(array[hash_val].next);
while (next_link_val.next != NULL)//follow the links until we reach the last link
{
next_link_val = *(next_link_val.next);//follow the current link to the next
}
//now that we've reached the last link, link it to the new_link
next_link_val.next = new_link; //link the last link to the new link
new_link->prev = &(next_link_val); //link the new link to the last link
}
}
return 0;
}
int hash_table_loader(hash_table* ht)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<(ht->num_entries);printf("%d\n", (*(ht->entries))[i].key),i++); //DATA IS STILL CORRECT HERE
FILE *infile;
infile = fopen("input.txt", "r");
while(!feof(infile))
{
int key,data;
fscanf(infile, "%d %d", &key, &data);
hash_table_add(ht, key, data);
}
fclose(infile);
}
注意:第一次调用hash_table_add()时会出现问题。
答案 0 :(得分:7)
你的第一个问题是:
ht->entries = &array;
您使结构保持hash_table_data**
,该hash_table_data* array
指向函数本地的变量malloc()
;然后退出函数并返回指向结构的指针。结构仍然存在(它是通过array
分配的,array
指向的东西仍然存在,但hash_table_data*
本身不存在。因此,结构中的这个指针现在无效。
据我所知,你没有理由在这里拿指针指针。只需使用array
作为条目类型,并将{{1}}复制到该struct成员中。指针也是价值观。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
我猜您迭代错误
for(i=0;i<length;printf("%d\n", (*ptr)[i]), i++);
这是胡说八道。
您应该将其重写为:
for(i=0;i<length;i++)
printf("%d\n", ptr[i]);
(*ptr)[i]
是错的,如果你考虑一下就没有意义。
*ptr
是指向的int数组的第一个元素。
ptr[i]
是i
,这就是你需要的。
请仔细阅读Section 6。
基于这个问题的一些建议:
for
语句,它只是很少需要并且不仅导致混淆,而且导致错误(尽管在此特定示例中没有错误)答案 2 :(得分:0)
hash_table *new_hash_table(int num_entries)
{
hash_table* ht = (hash_table*) malloc(sizeof(hash_table));
hash_table_data* array = malloc(num_entries * sizeof(hash_table_data));
// ....
ht->entries = &array; // Problem
// ...
return ht;
} // Life time of array ends at this point.
您正在引用局部变量array
并将其分配给ht->entries
,该函数一旦返回就不再有效。