Question

希望专家可以帮助我解决 Selenium/Cloudflare 之谜。我可以让网站在正常（非无头）Selenium 中加载，但无论我尝试什么，我都无法在无头中加载它。

我遵循了 StackOverflow 帖子（如 Is there a version of Selenium WebDriver that is not detectable?）中的建议。我还查看了 window 和 window.navigator 对象的所有属性，并修复了无头和非无头之间的所有差异，但仍以某种方式检测到无头。在这一点上，我非常好奇 Cloudflare 是如何找出差异的。谢谢你的时间！

我尝试过的事情列表：

用户代理
用 chromedriver 中的另一个字符串替换 cdc_
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
options.add_argument('--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled')（这是让网站以非无头方式加载所必需的）
设置navigator.webdriver = undefined
设置 navigator.plugins、navigator.languages 和 navigator.mimeTypes
将 window.ScreenY、window.screenTop、window.outerWidth、window.outerHeight 设置为非零值
设置 window.chrome 和 window.navigator.chrome
将图像的宽度和高度设置为非零
设置 WebGL 参数
修正 Modernizr

重复实验

为了让网站在正常（非无头）Selenium 中加载，您必须点击来自另一个网站的 _blank 链接（以便目标网站在另一个选项卡中打开）。要复制实验，请先创建一个内容为 <a href="https://poocoin.app" target="_blank">link</a> 的 html 文件，然后将这个 html 文件的路径粘贴到以下代码中。

以下版本（非无头）运行良好并加载网站，但如果您设置 options.headless = True，它将卡在 Cloudflare 上。

from selenium import webdriver
import time

# Replace this with the path to your html file
FULL_PATH_TO_HTML_FILE = 'file:///Users/simplepineapple/html/url_page.html'

def visit_website(browser):
    browser.get(FULL_PATH_TO_HTML_FILE)
    time.sleep(3)

    links = browser.find_elements_by_xpath("//a[@href]")
    links[0].click()
    time.sleep(10)

    # Switch webdriver focus to new tab so that we can extract html
    tab_names = browser.window_handles
    if len(tab_names) > 1:
        browser.switch_to.window(tab_names[1])

    time.sleep(1)
    html = browser.page_source
    print(html)
    print()
    print()

    if 'Charts' in html:
        print('Success')
    else:
        print('Fail')

    time.sleep(10)


options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# If options.headless = True, the website will not load
options.headless = False
options.add_argument("--window-size=1920,1080")
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
options.add_argument('--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled')
options.add_argument('user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36')

browser = webdriver.Chrome(options = options)

browser.execute_cdp_cmd('Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument', {
    "source": '''
    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {
        get: () => undefined
    });
    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'plugins', {
            get: function() { return {"0":{"0":{}},"1":{"0":{}},"2":{"0":{},"1":{}}}; }
    });
    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'languages', {
        get: () => ["en-US", "en"]
    });
    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'mimeTypes', {
        get: function() { return {"0":{},"1":{},"2":{},"3":{}}; }
    });

    window.screenY=23;
    window.screenTop=23;
    window.outerWidth=1337;
    window.outerHeight=825;
    window.chrome =
    {
      app: {
        isInstalled: false,
      },
      webstore: {
        onInstallStageChanged: {},
        onDownloadProgress: {},
      },
      runtime: {
        PlatformOs: {
          MAC: 'mac',
          WIN: 'win',
          ANDROID: 'android',
          CROS: 'cros',
          LINUX: 'linux',
          OPENBSD: 'openbsd',
        },
        PlatformArch: {
          ARM: 'arm',
          X86_32: 'x86-32',
          X86_64: 'x86-64',
        },
        PlatformNaclArch: {
          ARM: 'arm',
          X86_32: 'x86-32',
          X86_64: 'x86-64',
        },
        RequestUpdateCheckStatus: {
          THROTTLED: 'throttled',
          NO_UPDATE: 'no_update',
          UPDATE_AVAILABLE: 'update_available',
        },
        OnInstalledReason: {
          INSTALL: 'install',
          UPDATE: 'update',
          CHROME_UPDATE: 'chrome_update',
          SHARED_MODULE_UPDATE: 'shared_module_update',
        },
        OnRestartRequiredReason: {
          APP_UPDATE: 'app_update',
          OS_UPDATE: 'os_update',
          PERIODIC: 'periodic',
        },
      },
    };
    window.navigator.chrome =
    {
      app: {
        isInstalled: false,
      },
      webstore: {
        onInstallStageChanged: {},
        onDownloadProgress: {},
      },
      runtime: {
        PlatformOs: {
          MAC: 'mac',
          WIN: 'win',
          ANDROID: 'android',
          CROS: 'cros',
          LINUX: 'linux',
          OPENBSD: 'openbsd',
        },
        PlatformArch: {
          ARM: 'arm',
          X86_32: 'x86-32',
          X86_64: 'x86-64',
        },
        PlatformNaclArch: {
          ARM: 'arm',
          X86_32: 'x86-32',
          X86_64: 'x86-64',
        },
        RequestUpdateCheckStatus: {
          THROTTLED: 'throttled',
          NO_UPDATE: 'no_update',
          UPDATE_AVAILABLE: 'update_available',
        },
        OnInstalledReason: {
          INSTALL: 'install',
          UPDATE: 'update',
          CHROME_UPDATE: 'chrome_update',
          SHARED_MODULE_UPDATE: 'shared_module_update',
        },
        OnRestartRequiredReason: {
          APP_UPDATE: 'app_update',
          OS_UPDATE: 'os_update',
          PERIODIC: 'periodic',
        },
      },
    };
    ['height', 'width'].forEach(property => {
        const imageDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(HTMLImageElement.prototype, property);

        // redefine the property with a patched descriptor
        Object.defineProperty(HTMLImageElement.prototype, property, {
            ...imageDescriptor,
            get: function() {
                // return an arbitrary non-zero dimension if the image failed to load
            if (this.complete && this.naturalHeight == 0) {
                return 20;
            }
                return imageDescriptor.get.apply(this);
            },
        });
    });

    const getParameter = WebGLRenderingContext.getParameter;
    WebGLRenderingContext.prototype.getParameter = function(parameter) {
        if (parameter === 37445) {
            return 'Intel Open Source Technology Center';
        }
        if (parameter === 37446) {
            return 'Mesa DRI Intel(R) Ivybridge Mobile ';
        }

        return getParameter(parameter);
    };

    const elementDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(HTMLElement.prototype, 'offsetHeight');

    Object.defineProperty(HTMLDivElement.prototype, 'offsetHeight', {
        ...elementDescriptor,
        get: function() {
            if (this.id === 'modernizr') {
            return 1;
            }
            return elementDescriptor.get.apply(this);
        },
    });
    '''
})

visit_website(browser)

browser.quit()

Selenium Headless：2021 年绕过 Cloudflare 检测

0 个答案: