我正在尝试使用增量备份系统，当我运行我的脚本时，我总是得到“由于共享冲突无法打开文件”因为我试图打开的文件进行增量备份已经是由另一个进程使用。 我知道我可以杀死这个进程，释放文件并进行增量备份，但这是我必须要避免的。 我已经读过Win32 API，我可以复制文件处理程序，所以我该怎么做。
这是我的一段代码：
FILE *GetFileHandle(WIN32_FIND_DATA *pWfdStruct, BOOL bWrite){
FILE *fFile;
DWORD nGLE;
fFile = fopen(pWfdStruct->cFileName, "rb");
if (!fFile)
{
nGLE = GetLastError();
if (nGLE == ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION) // 32
{
char szCurDir[8192];
GetCurrentDirectory(8192, szCurDir);
ODS("WARN: cannot open %s file due to sharing violation [fRenameFile: %s\\%s]\n",
bWrite ? "dst" : "src", szCurDir, pWfdStruct->cFileName);
return 0;
}
if (nGLE == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) // 5
{
char szCurDir[8192];
GetCurrentDirectory(8192, szCurDir);
ODS("WARN: cannot open %s file, access denied [fRenameFile: %s\\%s]\n",
bWrite ? "dst" : "src", szCurDir, pWfdStruct->cFileName);
return 0;
}
if (nGLE == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) // 2
{
char szCurDir[8192];
GetCurrentDirectory(8192, szCurDir);
ODS("WARN: cannot open %s file, file not present [fRenameFile: %s\\%s]\n",
bWrite ? "dst" : "src", szCurDir, pWfdStruct->cFileName);
return 0;
}
char szCurDir[8192];
GetCurrentDirectory(8192, szCurDir);
if (bWrite)
{
ODS("WARN: cannot open dst file [fRenameFile: %s\\%s] [GLE: %d]\n",
szCurDir, pWfdStruct->cFileName, nGLE);
return 0;
}
ODS("WARN: cannot open src file [fRenameFile: %s\\%s] [GLE: %d] trying alt name [%s]\n",
szCurDir, pWfdStruct->cFileName, nGLE, pWfdStruct->cAlternateFileName);
ReportSystemError("GetFileHandle", nGLE);
__try
{
if (pWfdStruct->cAlternateFileName[0])
{
fFile = fopen(pWfdStruct->cAlternateFileName, "rb");
}
}
__except(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)
{
ODS("Exception caught\n"); // give up
}
if (!fFile)
{
nGLE = GetLastError();
ReportSystemError("GetFileHandle 2nd try", nGLE);
FATALODS("FATAL error, cannot open src file [%s] [GLE: %d]", pWfdStruct->cFileName, nGLE);
}
else
{
ODS("File: %s open success\n", pWfdStruct->cAlternateFileName);
}
}
return fFile;} // GetFileHandle
你能帮我吗？
答案 0 :(得分：0)
如果文件被其他进程锁定，则无法打开它。周期。
Windows具有Volume Shadow Copy服务（VSS），专门用于构建备份客户端。它具有复制锁定文件，确保一致快照等的条款.API有点复杂，但如果你想要一个强大的备份解决方案，没有别的办法。
您可以查看一个开源HoboCopy备份工具，以获取使用VSS的示例。
编辑：经过一些谷歌搜索后，我发现了两个做你想做的事的例子。我不能保证这些工作，但至少他们看起来似乎有道理。
第一个例子，清晰且评论很好（该语言是Basic的一些方言，但非常易读）：
$include "windowssdk.inc"
$include "ntddk.inc"
$include "undocumented.inc"
$include "stdio.inc"
$use "_crtdll.lib"
'-------------------------- example
$include "shlwapi.inc"
$define REPLACE_ALWAYS
' open youtube in internet explorer, watch any video (should be downloaded in 100%)
' then run this program to copy the locked fla***.tmp file from your TEMP directory
istring tmppath[MAX_PATH]
' 1. enumerate fla*.tmp files in TEMP directory
ExpandEnvironmentStrings("%TEMP%\\", tmppath, MAX_PATH)
int pathlen = len(tmppath)
strcpy(&tmppath[pathlen], "fla*.tmp")
UINT hFind = findopen(tmppath)
int nFilesFound = 0
int nFilesCopied = 0
if (hFind)
istring name[256] = findnext(hFind)
while (name[0] <> 0)
strncpy(&tmppath[pathlen], name, MAX_PATH-pathlen)
' tmppath = local path to flash video
' 2. copy the file with renamed extension (supported by media player classic)
istring newpath[MAX_PATH]
newpath = tmppath
PathRenameExtension(newpath, ".flv")
' check if we can open the file directly
HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(tmppath, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ _
| FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE, 0, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0)
if (hFile <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
' file opened, so you can copy it with your favorite file manager
CloseHandle(hFile)
else
nFilesFound++
' the file is opened with exclusive access, call the subroutine below to open it
HANDLE hProcess
hFile = OpenFileEx(tmppath, &hProcess)
if (hFile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
' failed
MessageBox 0, "failed to open " + tmppath, ""
else
' copy it now ...
$ifdef REPLACE_ALWAYS
HANDLE hOutFile = CreateFile(newpath, GENERIC_WRITE, 0, 0, CREATE_ALWAYS, 0, 0)
$else
HANDLE hOutFile = CreateFile(newpath, GENERIC_WRITE, 0, 0, CREATE_NEW, 0, 0)
$endif
if (hOutFile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
' failed ?
MessageBox 0, "failed to create " + newpath, ""
else
' ... but first suspend the owner process (because the handle is duplicated, and
' if the owner process changes file pointer, it will be reflected also in this process)
declare import, NtSuspendProcess(HANDLE hProcess), NTSTATUS
declare import, NtResumeProcess(HANDLE hProcess), NTSTATUS
NtSuspendProcess(hProcess)
' save original file pointer in originalFilePos variable
LARGE_INTEGER originalFilePos
LARGE_INTEGER nullFilePos
nullFilePos.QuadPart = 0q
SetFilePointerEx(hFile, nullFilePos, &originalFilePos, FILE_CURRENT)
' seek to beginning
SetFilePointerEx(hFile, nullFilePos, NULL, FILE_BEGIN)
' copy, using string name as the buffer
DWORD BytesRead, BytesWriten
while (ReadFile(hFile, &name, 256, &BytesRead, 0) and BytesRead)
WriteFile(hOutFile, name, BytesRead, &BytesWriten, 0)
endwhile
'
nFilesCopied++
' restore file pointer
SetFilePointerEx(hFile, originalFilePos, NULL, FILE_BEGIN)
' cleanup
CloseHandle(hOutFile)
' resume the process
NtResumeProcess(hProcess)
endif
CloseHandle(hFile)
endif
endif
name = findnext(hFind)
endwhile
findclose(hFind)
endif
if (MessageBox(0, using("Copied # from # locked .FLV files. Open Directory ?", nFilesCopied, nFilesFound), "", MB_YESNO) = IDYES)
tmppath[pathlen-1] = 0
system tmppath
endif
'-------------------------- code
type SYSTEM_HANDLE_ENTRY
ULONG OwnerPid
BYTE ObjectType
BYTE HandleFlags
USHORT HandleValue
PVOID ObjectPointer
ACCESS_MASK GrantedAccess
endtype
type SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION
ULONG HandleCount
SYSTEM_HANDLE_ENTRY Handles[1]
endtype
type MY_OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION
OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION t
iwstring buffer[64]
endtype
type MY_OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION
OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION t
iwstring buffer[280]
endtype
declare import, NtQuerySystemInformation(_
int SystemInformationClass,_
PVOID SystemInformation,_
ULONG SystemInformationLength,_
pointer ReturnLength),NTSTATUS
const SystemHandleInformation = 16
sub OpenFileEx(string path, pointer pphProcess),HANDLE
MY_OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION htype
MY_OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION name
*<HANDLE>pphProcess = 0
HANDLE h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
' convert c:\ to \Device\HardDiskVolume...
' 1. extract partition letter
iwstring root[4]
root[0] = path[0], 58, 0
' 2. convert it to \Device\HardDiskVolumeX
iwstring wszNTPath[280]
int cch = QueryDosDeviceW(root, wszNTPath, 280)
if (!cch) then return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
' 3. append remaining folders and file name from string path parameter
' so <path> "c:\Program Files" gets converted to <wszNTPath> "\Device\HardDiskVolume1\Program Files"
cch = wcslen(wszNTPath)
_snwprintf(&wszNTPath[cch], 280-cch, L"%S", &path[2])
' now get the list of all handles, and find the handle which name is equal to wszNTPath
ULONG BytesNeeded, BufferSize = 4096
pointer handles = new(char, BufferSize) ' SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION*
while (handles)
' get the list of all user-mode handles
NTSTATUS status = NtQuerySystemInformation(SystemHandleInformation, handles, BufferSize, &BytesNeeded)
if (status = STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
' BytesNeeded is not adjusted, so we need to increase buffer size
delete handles
BufferSize += 32768
handles = new(char, BufferSize)
elseif (!status)
settype handles, SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION
' sort handles by owning process id
qsort(&*handles.Handles, *handles.HandleCount, len(SYSTEM_HANDLE_ENTRY), &SortHandlesCb)
pointer node = *handles.Handles
settype node, SYSTEM_HANDLE_ENTRY
ULONG OwnerPid = 0
HANDLE hProcess = 0
HANDLE hThisProcess = GetCurrentProcess()
BYTE ObjectTypeFile = 0
while (*handles.HandleCount)
*handles.HandleCount--
if (*node.GrantedAccess & FILE_READ_DATA) ' 13019F
if (OwnerPid <> *node.OwnerPid)
OwnerPid = *node.OwnerPid
if (hProcess) then CloseHandle(hProcess)
hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE|PROCESS_SUSPEND_RESUME, FALSE, OwnerPid)
endif
if (hProcess)
HANDLE hObject
if (DuplicateHandle(hProcess, *node.HandleValue, hThisProcess, &hObject, 0, FALSE, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS))
if (GetFileType(hObject) = FILE_TYPE_DISK)
if (!ObjectTypeFile) ' query object type name as "integer"
if (!NtQueryObject(hObject, ObjectTypeInformation, &htype, len(htype), &BytesNeeded))
if (!_wcsnicmp(htype.t.TypeName.Buffer, L"File", 4))
ObjectTypeFile = *node.ObjectType
endif
endif
endif
' do not query object name with granted access 0x0012019f (deadloock)
if (ObjectTypeFile and (ObjectTypeFile = *node.ObjectType) and (*node.GrantedAccess <> 0x0012019f))
' query file name
if (!NtQueryObject(hObject, ObjectNameInformation, &name, len(name), &BytesNeeded))
if (name.t.Name.Buffer and !wcsicmp(name.t.Name.Buffer, wszNTPath)) ' compare
*<HANDLE>pphProcess = hProcess
delete handles
return hObject
endif
endif
endif
endif
CloseHandle(hObject)
endif
endif
endif
node = &*node[1]
endwhile
if (hProcess) then CloseHandle(hProcess)
delete handles
else
' NtQuerySystemInformation failed
delete handles
endif
endwhile
if (handles) then delete handles
return h
endsub
declare cdecl SortHandlesCb(SYSTEM_HANDLE_ENTRY p1, SYSTEM_HANDLE_ENTRY p2),int
sub SortHandlesCb(SYSTEM_HANDLE_ENTRY p1, SYSTEM_HANDLE_ENTRY p2),int
if (p1.OwnerPid = p2.OwnerPid) then return 0
if (p1.OwnerPid > p2.OwnerPid) then return 1
return -1
endsub
另一个混乱的例子是http://forum.sysinternals.com/topic7974.html。
请注意，这两个示例都使用Native API函数和一些未记录的功能。
基本步骤是：
NtQuerySystemInformation来获取系统中所有句柄的列表以及NtQueryObject来找到具有匹配文件名的句柄来完成的。
请注意，文件名必须转换为NT设备格式。OpenProcess和PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE）打开拥有句柄（PROCESS_SUSPEND_RESUME）的进程并调用DuiplicateHandle（将该进程作为源，处理来自第1步，您的流程作为目的地）。NtSuspendProcess“暂停”进程并阻止其修改文件指针和文件内容。NtResumeProcess取消暂停进程。EDIT2 ：我个人用另一种方法来访问锁定的文件 - 使用手动NTFS解析的原始磁盘访问。例如。给定文件名找到其MFT条目，解码数据运行位置并从原始磁盘读取它们。原始磁盘访问始终可用（前提是您具有管理员权限），因此任何文件都是可读的。缺点是零一致性保证，因此不适合备份。
PS。如果我是你，我仍然会使用官方支持的VSS。备份软件不应该依赖黑客攻击。