来自“Head Start C#Greyhound Lab”的c #newb问题

时间:2011-07-16 09:56:40

标签: c#

我是C#的新手,我正在创建一个赛道模拟器,但是我在运行我的代码时遇到了一些问题。我有一个由四个Greyhound对象组成的数组,如果我在我的form1.cs上调用Greyhound.Run并且我的Run方法上没有“MessageBox.Show(”Distance“+ distance)”,这表明我有多少每个灰狗应该移动的像素,所有的灰狗最终移动相同的距离。我不明白为什么会发生这种情况

namespace Race
{
    class Greyhound
    {
        public int StartingPosition;
        public int RacetrackLength;
        public PictureBox MyPictureBox = null;
        public int Location = 0;
        public Random Randomizer;

        public bool Run()
        {
            Point p = MyPictureBox.Location;
            if (p.X + MyPictureBox.Width >= RacetrackLength)
            {
                //TakeStartingPostion();
                return true;

            }
            else
            {
                Randomizer = new Random();
                int distance = Randomizer.Next(100);
                MessageBox.Show("Distance is " + distance);
                p.X += distance;
                MyPictureBox.Location = p;
                return false;
            }

        }

        public void TakeStartingPostion()
        {
            Point P = MyPictureBox.Location;
            P.X = StartingPosition;
            MyPictureBox.Location = P;
        }
    }
}


namespace Race
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        Guy[] guys = new Guy[3];
        Greyhound[] hounds = new Greyhound[4];

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            hounds[0] = new Greyhound()
            { 
                StartingPosition = 12,
                MyPictureBox = GreyHound1,
                RacetrackLength = 636
            };

            hounds[1] = new Greyhound()
            { 
                StartingPosition = 12,
                MyPictureBox = GreyHound2,
                RacetrackLength = 636
            };

            hounds[2] = new Greyhound()
            { 
                StartingPosition = 12,
                MyPictureBox = GreyHound3,
                RacetrackLength = 636
            };

            hounds[3] = new Greyhound()
            { 
                StartingPosition = 12,
                MyPictureBox = GreyHound4,
                RacetrackLength = 636
            };
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < hounds.Length; i++)
            {

                 hounds[i].Run();
            } 

        }
    }
}

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

这是因为每当new Random()方法点击Run()块时,您就会调用else。默认的Random构造函数根据当前时间初始化伪随机数生成器。当没有中断时,所有4种方法都在“同一时间”运行,因此它们会吐出相同的随机数。要解决这个问题,要么只创建一个Random,要么为每个种子使用不同的种子(使用以种子作为参数的Random构造函数。)

这样的事情会起作用:

public class Greyhound
{
    public static Random randomizer = new Random();

    // ... In the run method ...
    int distance = Greyhound.randomizer.Next(100);

}

更新:正如Groo指出的那样,如果您实际上是从多个线程调用Next(),那么我所显示的代码不是线程安全的。虽然您的代码不是这种情况,但最好早点而不是稍后知道这类问题。解决此(潜在)问题的一般方法是使用Next()lock的呼叫包围起来,如下所示:

// ... After the declaration of randomizer ...
private static object randomLock = new object();

// ... New Next() call...
lock (randomLock)
    Greyhound.randomizer.Next(100);

答案 1 :(得分:0)

由于您可能会连续快速调用所有对象的Run方法,因此Random类的每个实例都会实例化with the same seed,并返回相同的伪随机数。< / p>

您可以通过创建一个具有单个(Singleton)Random实例的静态随机类来解决此问题,确保每个调用者连续获得下一个数字。

对于线程安全有一些锁定,它看起来像:

 public class StaticRandom 
 {
      private static readonly Random _r = new Random();
      private static object _lock = new object();

      public static int Next(int max)
      {
           lock (_lock)
               return _r.Next(max);
      }
 }

然后在不实例化的情况下使用它:

 // no need for the "Randomizer" field anymore
 int distance = StaticRandom.Next(100);

Jon Skeet在他的miscutil库中有完整的实现,还有一些usage info