我发现了一些关于通过 DllImport 从 C# 调用 WinAPI 函数的问题,我无法理解。所以,最初我使用功能 SetConsoleCursorPosition,但我认为这个问题比一个具体的函数更广泛。但这是一个很好的例子。 它的非托管签名看起来像:
BOOL WINAPI SetConsoleCursorPosition( _In_ HANDLE hConsoleOutput, _In_ SomeStruct dwCursorPosition);
SomeStruct 在哪里:
typedef struct _SomeStrcut { SHORT a; SHORT b; } SomeStruct;
在 C# 中:
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint="SetConsoleCursorPosition", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetData(IntPtr screenHandle, SomeStruct ab);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)] //Sequential always works (size 4 bytes).
public struct SomeStruct
{
[FieldOffset(0)] public ushort A;
[FieldOffset(2)]public ushort B;
public SomeStruct(ushort a, ushort b) { this.A = a; this.B = b; }
}
它工作正常,但我决定用两个 ushort 参数替换 SomeStruct 以提高可用性。两个短整数在 4 个字节中具有相同的大小,就像一个 SomeStruct - 我认为没有区别:
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "SetConsoleCursorPosition", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetData(IntPtr screenHandle, ushort a, ushort b);
但是函数通过 GetLastError - ErrorInvalidParameter 导致错误和 87 错误代码。 我测试了一些具有不同签名的过期时间,它们让我感到惊讶。使用 int/uint 一切正常:
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "SetConsoleCursorPosition", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetData(IntPtr screenHandle, int ab);
低 2 个字节 - a,高 2 个字节 - b。完美。 我所有的实验代码:
public static class Question
{
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int val);
/// <summary>Initial declaration as in documentation</summary>
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint="SetConsoleCursorPosition", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetData(IntPtr screenHandle, SomeStruct ab);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "SetConsoleCursorPosition", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetData(IntPtr screenHandle, int ab);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "SetConsoleCursorPosition", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetData(IntPtr screenHandle, int ab, int someInt);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "SetConsoleCursorPosition", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetData(IntPtr screenHandle, ulong ab);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "SetConsoleCursorPosition", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetData(IntPtr screenHandle, ushort a, ushort b);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "SetConsoleCursorPosition", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetData(IntPtr screenHandle, byte b1, byte b2, byte b3, byte b4);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "SetConsoleCursorPosition", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetData(IntPtr screenHandle, byte b1, byte b2, byte b3, byte b4, uint some);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "SetConsoleCursorPosition", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool SetData(IntPtr screenHandle, ushort a, uint b);
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SomeStruct
{
[FieldOffset(0)] public ushort A;
[FieldOffset(2)]public ushort B;
public SomeStruct(ushort a, ushort b) { this.A = a; this.B = b; }
}
public static void Test()
{
IntPtr handle = GetStdHandle(-11); string[] testResults = new string[10]; int i = 0;
//Test 1: Struct - Works
testResults[i++] = string.Format("Result: {0} Err: {1}", SetData(handle, new SomeStruct(5, 1)), Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
//Test 2: int or uint -> Works (lower two bytes - A, upper two bytes - B)
testResults[i++] = string.Format("Result Int: {0} Err: {1}", SetData(handle, 5 | (1 << 16)), Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()); Console.Write('I');
//Test 3: ulong -> Works (lower two bytes - A, next two bytes - B)
testResults[i++] = string.Format("Result Ulong: {0} Err: {1}", SetData(handle, (ulong)(9 | (2 << 16))), Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()); Console.Write('U');
//Test 4: int/int -> Works (lower two bytes - A, upper two bytes - B), next int - not used at all
testResults[i++] = string.Format("Result Int/Int: {0} Err: {1}", SetData(handle, 2 | (3 << 16), 2789), Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()); Console.Write("II");
//Test 5: ushort/ushort -> not works (Error 87 - Invalid Parameter)
testResults[i++] = string.Format("Result Ushort/Ushort: {0} Err: {1}", SetData(handle, (ushort)5, (ushort)1), Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
//Test 6: 4 bytes -> not works (Error 87 - Invalid Parameter)
testResults[i++] = string.Format("Result 4 bytes: {0} Err: {1}", SetData(handle, 5, 0, 1, 0), Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
//Test 7: 4 bytes and int -> WORKS?? How it works??
testResults[i++] = string.Format("Result 4 bytes Int: {0} Err: {1}", SetData(handle, 5, 0, 1, 0, 7 | (4 << 16)), Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
Console.Write("4bI");
//Test 8: ushort and uint -> not works
testResults[i++] = string.Format("Result ushort/uint {0} Err: {1}", SetData(handle, (ushort)12897, (uint)(2 | (2 << 16))), Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
//Printing all results on console
SetData(handle, new SomeStruct(0, 5));
//Size of SomeStruct: 4 bytes
Console.WriteLine("SomeStructSize: {0}", Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SomeStruct)));
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) Console.WriteLine(testResults[j]);
}
}
输出为:
I
U
II
4bI
SomeStructSize: 4
Result: True Err: 2
Result Int: True Err: 2
Result Ulong: True Err: 0
Result Int/Int: True Err: 0
Result Ushort/Ushort: False Err: 87
Result 4 bytes: False Err: 87
Result 4 bytes Int: True Err: 87
Result ushort/uint False Err: 87
现在我很困惑。我只了解我不了解调用本机代码发生了什么。 为什么函数适用于 int/uint 而不适用于 2 ushort 或 4 个字节??它是如何处理 4 个字节和 int 的,为什么??? 请给我解释一下。谢谢!