我想加载 YouTube 主网页，因此我通过 python requests library 发送请求。
不幸的是，验证 ssl 证书存在问题：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 699, in urlopen
httplib_response = self._make_request(
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 382, in _make_request
self._validate_conn(conn)
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 1010, in _validate_conn
conn.connect()
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 411, in connect
self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py", line 428, in ssl_wrap_socket
ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py", line 472, in _ssl_wrap_socket_impl
return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\ssl.py", line 500, in wrap_socket
return self.sslsocket_class._create(
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\ssl.py", line 1040, in _create
self.do_handshake()
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\ssl.py", line 1309, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 439, in send
resp = conn.urlopen(
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 755, in urlopen
retries = retries.increment(
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 573, in increment
raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.youtube.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)')))
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\Users\username\Desktop\Dev\MusicPlayer\youtube_extractor.py", line 371, in <module>
cipher_operations = load_cipher()
File "c:\Users\username\Desktop\Dev\MusicPlayer\youtube_extractor.py", line 348, in load_cipher
script = load_player_script()
File "c:\Users\username\Desktop\Dev\MusicPlayer\youtube_extractor.py", line 282, in load_player_script
response = requests.get(youtube_home)
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 76, in get
return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 61, in request
return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 542, in request
resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 655, in send
r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 514, in send
raise SSLError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.youtube.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)')))
奇怪的是，这个问题只有通过向 youtube.com 发送请求才会出现。
我应该怎么做才能解决这个问题？如果您需要更多信息，请询问。
顺便说一下：我使用的是 Windows 8（64 位）和 Python 3.9.1（也是 64 位）