我正在为python模拟器创建GUI。 GUI提供了设置模拟并运行模拟的工具。在模拟运行期间，我想将进度信息传递给GUI，并将其显示在Label的{{1}}中。由于模拟需要使用多处理运行，因此我使用simulation_frame将更新的信息传递回Queue。
我设置它的方式，运行模拟会阻止GUI主循环，因为我需要能够在通话结束时关闭Tk。我正在呼叫Pool强制update_idletasks()更新进度信息。
在我看来，这似乎是一种不优雅且具有潜在风险的解决方案。此外，虽然它在GUI中工作，但似乎在Ubuntu中不起作用 - 在运行一秒左右后窗口变为空白。我可以通过调用Windows XP而不是Windows来使其在update()中发挥作用，但这对我来说似乎更糟。
有更好的解决方案吗？
相关代码：
update_idletasks()答案 0 :(得分：2)
这可能对您有所帮助，但可以通过确保其代码和方法在root实例化的特定线程上执行来使tkinter线程安全。可以在Python Cookbook recipe 577633上找到一个试验过这个概念的项目（目录修剪器2）。下面的代码来自第76 - 253行，并且使用小部件很容易扩展。
主要线程安全支持
# Import several GUI libraries.
import tkinter.ttk
import tkinter.filedialog
import tkinter.messagebox
# Import other needed modules.
import queue
import _thread
import operator
################################################################################
class AffinityLoop:
"Restricts code execution to thread that instance was created on."
__slots__ = '__action', '__thread'
def __init__(self):
"Initialize AffinityLoop with job queue and thread identity."
self.__action = queue.Queue()
self.__thread = _thread.get_ident()
def run(self, func, *args, **keywords):
"Run function on creating thread and return result."
if _thread.get_ident() == self.__thread:
self.__run_jobs()
return func(*args, **keywords)
else:
job = self.__Job(func, args, keywords)
self.__action.put_nowait(job)
return job.result
def __run_jobs(self):
"Run all pending jobs currently in the job queue."
while not self.__action.empty():
job = self.__action.get_nowait()
job.execute()
########################################################################
class __Job:
"Store information to run a job at a later time."
__slots__ = ('__func', '__args', '__keywords',
'__error', '__mutex', '__value')
def __init__(self, func, args, keywords):
"Initialize the job's info and ready for execution."
self.__func = func
self.__args = args
self.__keywords = keywords
self.__error = False
self.__mutex = _thread.allocate_lock()
self.__mutex.acquire()
def execute(self):
"Run the job, store any error, and return to sender."
try:
self.__value = self.__func(*self.__args, **self.__keywords)
except Exception as error:
self.__error = True
self.__value = error
self.__mutex.release()
@property
def result(self):
"Return execution result or raise an error."
self.__mutex.acquire()
if self.__error:
raise self.__value
return self.__value
################################################################################
class _ThreadSafe:
"Create a thread-safe GUI class for safe cross-threaded calls."
ROOT = tkinter.Tk
def __init__(self, master=None, *args, **keywords):
"Initialize a thread-safe wrapper around a GUI base class."
if master is None:
if self.BASE is not self.ROOT:
raise ValueError('Widget must have a master!')
self.__job = AffinityLoop() # Use Affinity() if it does not break.
self.__schedule(self.__initialize, *args, **keywords)
else:
self.master = master
self.__job = master.__job
self.__schedule(self.__initialize, master, *args, **keywords)
def __initialize(self, *args, **keywords):
"Delegate instance creation to later time if necessary."
self.__obj = self.BASE(*args, **keywords)
########################################################################
# Provide a framework for delaying method execution when needed.
def __schedule(self, *args, **keywords):
"Schedule execution of a method till later if necessary."
return self.__job.run(self.__run, *args, **keywords)
@classmethod
def __run(cls, func, *args, **keywords):
"Execute the function after converting the arguments."
args = tuple(cls.unwrap(i) for i in args)
keywords = dict((k, cls.unwrap(v)) for k, v in keywords.items())
return func(*args, **keywords)
@staticmethod
def unwrap(obj):
"Unpack inner objects wrapped by _ThreadSafe instances."
return obj.__obj if isinstance(obj, _ThreadSafe) else obj
########################################################################
# Allow access to and manipulation of wrapped instance's settings.
def __getitem__(self, key):
"Get a configuration option from the underlying object."
return self.__schedule(operator.getitem, self, key)
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
"Set a configuration option on the underlying object."
return self.__schedule(operator.setitem, self, key, value)
########################################################################
# Create attribute proxies for methods and allow their execution.
def __getattr__(self, name):
"Create a requested attribute and return cached result."
attr = self.__Attr(self.__callback, (name,))
setattr(self, name, attr)
return attr
def __callback(self, path, *args, **keywords):
"Schedule execution of named method from attribute proxy."
return self.__schedule(self.__method, path, *args, **keywords)
def __method(self, path, *args, **keywords):
"Extract a method and run it with the provided arguments."
method = self.__obj
for name in path:
method = getattr(method, name)
return method(*args, **keywords)
########################################################################
class __Attr:
"Save an attribute's name and wait for execution."
__slots__ = '__callback', '__path'
def __init__(self, callback, path):
"Initialize proxy with callback and method path."
self.__callback = callback
self.__path = path
def __call__(self, *args, **keywords):
"Run a known method with the given arguments."
return self.__callback(self.__path, *args, **keywords)
def __getattr__(self, name):
"Generate a proxy object for a sub-attribute."
if name in {'__func__', '__name__'}:
# Hack for the "tkinter.__init__.Misc._register" method.
raise AttributeError('This is not a real method!')
return self.__class__(self.__callback, self.__path + (name,))
################################################################################
# Provide thread-safe classes to be used from tkinter.
class Tk(_ThreadSafe): BASE = tkinter.Tk
class Frame(_ThreadSafe): BASE = tkinter.ttk.Frame
class Button(_ThreadSafe): BASE = tkinter.ttk.Button
class Entry(_ThreadSafe): BASE = tkinter.ttk.Entry
class Progressbar(_ThreadSafe): BASE = tkinter.ttk.Progressbar
class Treeview(_ThreadSafe): BASE = tkinter.ttk.Treeview
class Scrollbar(_ThreadSafe): BASE = tkinter.ttk.Scrollbar
class Sizegrip(_ThreadSafe): BASE = tkinter.ttk.Sizegrip
class Menu(_ThreadSafe): BASE = tkinter.Menu
class Directory(_ThreadSafe): BASE = tkinter.filedialog.Directory
class Message(_ThreadSafe): BASE = tkinter.messagebox.Message
如果您阅读了应用程序的其余部分，您会发现它是使用您在其他_ThreadSafe应用程序中看到的tkinter变体定义的小部件构建的。当方法调用从各种线程进入时，它们会自动保持，直到可以在创建线程上执行这些调用。请注意mainloop如何通过第291 - 298行和第326 - 336行替换。
注意NoDefaltRoot＆amp; main_loop致电
@classmethod
def main(cls):
"Create an application containing a single TrimDirView widget."
tkinter.NoDefaultRoot()
root = cls.create_application_root()
cls.attach_window_icon(root, ICON)
view = cls.setup_class_instance(root)
cls.main_loop(root)
main_loop允许线程执行
@staticmethod
def main_loop(root):
"Process all GUI events according to tkinter's settings."
target = time.clock()
while True:
try:
root.update()
except tkinter.TclError:
break
target += tkinter._tkinter.getbusywaitinterval() / 1000
time.sleep(max(target - time.clock(), 0))