我在创建网络即时消息时遇到了一些问题。付费了，多数民众赞成在正常工作，我的问题是只有一行代码XD。 我试图在帐单中“保存”所购买产品的名称（本例中为课程），然后将该课程传递给用户个人资料，以便他可以访问该课程。 我是python和Django的新手，我知道该怎么做。
首先是我组织在该项目中的重要履历：
myApp _ apps ______content
| |
| |_____shopping_cart
|
|
|_ paypal
|
|_ user
好的，所以我的内容模型是：
class Course(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
slug = models.SlugField(unique=True)
thumbnail = models.ImageField(upload_to="courseThumbnails/")
publish_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
last_update = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
description = models.TextField()
price = models.FloatField()
author = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
#agregar despues un field de recursos para descargar material nose si aca o en video mejor
def __str__(self):
return self.name
def get_absolute_url(self):
return reverse("content_app:course-detail", kwargs={"slug":self.slug})
在shopping_购物车中，型号为：
from django.conf import settings
from django.db.models import Sum
from django.db import models
from apps.content.models import Course
# Create your models here.
class OrderItem(models.Model):
course = models.ForeignKey(Course, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __str__(self):
return self.course.name
class Order(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete= models.CASCADE)
is_ordered = models.BooleanField(default=False)
items = models.ManyToManyField(OrderItem)
ref_code = models.CharField(max_length=50)
def __str__(self):
return self.user.username
def get_total(self):
return self.items.all().aggregate(order_total=Sum('course__price'))['order_total']
我在贝宝中的模型是：
from django.db import models
from apps.shopping_cart.models import Order
from apps.content.models import Course,
class Compra(models.Model):
id = models.CharField(primary_key= True, max_length=100)
estado = models.CharField(max_length=100)
codigo_estado = models.CharField(max_length=100)
cursos = models.ManyToManyField(to=Order, related_name='comprado')
total_de_la_compra = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5 ,decimal_places= 2)
nombre_cliente = models.CharField(max_length=100)
apellido_cliente = models.CharField(max_length=100)
correo_cliente = models.EmailField(max_length=100)
direccion_cliente = models.CharField(max_length=100)
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Facturacion'
verbose_name_plural= 'Facturaciones'
def __str__(self):
return str(self.nombre_cliente)
class Payment(models.Model):
order = models.ForeignKey(Order, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
total_amount = models.FloatField()
date_paid = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
def __str__(self):
return str(self.order.user)
最后一个模型适用于用户：
from django.db import models
from django.conf import settings
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from apps.content.models import Course,
class UserProfile(models.Model):
cursos = models.ManyToManyField(Course, blank=True)
user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __str__(self):
return self.user.username
def cursos_list(self):
return self.cursos.all()
def post_user_signup_receiver(sender, instance, created, *args, **kwargs):
if created:
UserProfile.objects.get_or_create(user=instance)
post_save.connect(post_user_signup_receiver, sender=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
好，使用thats模型并遵循很多paypal教程（由于官方文档对我来说不是很清楚），我在paypal应用程序中进行了查看，这是问题所在：
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse
from paypalcheckoutsdk.core import PayPalHttpClient, SandboxEnvironment
from paypalcheckoutsdk.orders import OrdersGetRequest, OrdersCaptureRequest
from apps.shopping_cart.models import Order
from user.models import UserProfile
from .models import Compra, Payment
import sys, json
def pago(request):
order = get_object_or_404(Order, user=request.user)
payment = Payment()
payment.order = order
payment.total_amount = float(order.get_total())
payment.save()
print('payment:' + str(payment.total_amount))
data = json.loads(request.body)
order_id = data['orderID']
print('order_id: ' + order_id)
detalle = GetOrder().get_order(order_id)
detalle_precio = float(detalle.result.purchase_units[0].amount.value)
if detalle_precio == payment.total_amount:
trx = CaptureOrder().capture_order(order_id, debug=True)
print('transaccion: ' + trx.result.id)
pedido = Compra(
id= trx.result.id,
estado= trx.result.status,
codigo_estado= trx.status_code,
#HERE IS MY PROBLEM
----> **cursos= Order.items.all(),** <----
total_de_la_compra = trx.result.purchase_units[0].payments.captures[0].amount.value,
nombre_cliente= trx.result.payer.name.given_name,
apellido_cliente= trx.result.payer.name.surname,
correo_cliente= trx.result.payer.email_address,
direccion_cliente= trx.result.purchase_units[0].shipping.address.address_line_1)
pedido.save() #guardamos en base de datos la info de la Transaccion
#la funcion json en el html esta pidiendo una respuesta por lo q se le pasa esta variable data:
data = {
"id": f"{trx.result.id}",
"nombre_cliente": f"{trx.result.payer.name.given_name}",
"mensaje": "Ahora ya puedes acceder al contenido! =D"
}
return JsonResponse(data)
else:
data = {
"mensaje": "Error =( "
}
return JsonResponse(data)
如果我在def pago（request）中使用表达式：... cursos = Order.items.all（） 它会打印：TypeError：禁止直接分配给多对多集的前端。改用cursos.set（）。
和所有其他选项，我没有帮助我在def pago（request）中查看OrderItems课程的名称。我希望这成为一个“出价”。然后将其与for一起使用（例如：for curso中的curso： ＃request.user.UserProfile.cursos.add（curso））将其添加到UserProfile中。
请帮助我！
编辑： 控制台完全错误（有一些额外的prints（））：
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
October 25, 2020 - 01:10:01
Django version 3.1.2, using settings 'AutismoCDV.settings.local'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
[25/Oct/2020 01:10:04] "GET /order-summary/ HTTP/1.1" 200 10001
payment:35.0
order_id: 504320196R962682N
detalle_precio: 35.0
Status Code: 201
Status: COMPLETED
Order ID: 504320196R962682N
Links:
self: https://api.sandbox.paypal.com/v2/checkout/orders/504320196R962682N Call Type: GET
Capture Ids:
9F055159V4840413P
Buyer:
transaccion: 504320196R962682N
Internal Server Error: /pago/
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/yeti/Documentos/PROG/partesONG/10.03agregaraprofile/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 47, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "/home/yeti/Documentos/PROG/partesONG/10.03agregaraprofile/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 179, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/home/yeti/Documentos/PROG/partesONG/10.03agregaraprofile/AutismoCDV/paypal/views.py", line 45, in pago
pedido = Compra(
File "/home/yeti/Documentos/PROG/partesONG/10.03agregaraprofile/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 496, in __init__
_setattr(self, prop, kwargs[prop])
File "/home/yeti/Documentos/PROG/partesONG/10.03agregaraprofile/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related_descriptors.py", line 545, in __set__
raise TypeError(
TypeError: Direct assignment to the forward side of a many-to-many set is prohibited. Use cursos.set() instead.
[25/Oct/2020 01:10:29] "POST /pago/ HTTP/1.1" 500 78941
答案 0 :(得分：0)
错误消息非常清楚。您也可以轻松地用Google搜索解决方案。
我认为您需要删除错误是删除行
cursos= Order.items.all()
并添加
cursos.set(Order.objects.all())
保存对象的行之后。我认为您真正想做的是仅与要保存的一个订单建立关系，可以按以下步骤进行操作：
cursos.set(Order.objects.filter(id=order_id))
对于相同的问题，这里也有一个答案：