我有10个以上的任务要执行,系统限制最多可以同时运行4个任务。
我的任务可以像下面这样开始: myprog任务名称
如何编写bash shell脚本来运行这些任务。最重要的是,当一个任务完成时,脚本可以立即启动另一个任务,使运行任务计数始终保持为4。
答案 0 :(得分:44)
使用xargs
:
xargs -P <maximun-number-of-process-at-a-time> -n <arguments per process> <commnad>
详情here。
答案 1 :(得分:25)
我在考虑编写自己的流程池时遇到了这个问题,特别喜欢Brandon Horsley的解决方案,虽然我无法使信号正常工作,所以我从Apache那里获取灵感并决定尝试使用pre-fork模型一个fifo作为我的工作队列。
以下函数是分叉时工作进程运行的函数。
# \brief the worker function that is called when we fork off worker processes
# \param[in] id the worker ID
# \param[in] job_queue the fifo to read jobs from
# \param[in] result_log the temporary log file to write exit codes to
function _job_pool_worker()
{
local id=$1
local job_queue=$2
local result_log=$3
local line=
exec 7<> ${job_queue}
while [[ "${line}" != "${job_pool_end_of_jobs}" && -e "${job_queue}" ]]; do
# workers block on the exclusive lock to read the job queue
flock --exclusive 7
read line <${job_queue}
flock --unlock 7
# the worker should exit if it sees the end-of-job marker or run the
# job otherwise and save its exit code to the result log.
if [[ "${line}" == "${job_pool_end_of_jobs}" ]]; then
# write it one more time for the next sibling so that everyone
# will know we are exiting.
echo "${line}" >&7
else
_job_pool_echo "### _job_pool_worker-${id}: ${line}"
# run the job
{ ${line} ; }
# now check the exit code and prepend "ERROR" to the result log entry
# which we will use to count errors and then strip out later.
local result=$?
local status=
if [[ "${result}" != "0" ]]; then
status=ERROR
fi
# now write the error to the log, making sure multiple processes
# don't trample over each other.
exec 8<> ${result_log}
flock --exclusive 8
echo "${status}job_pool: exited ${result}: ${line}" >> ${result_log}
flock --unlock 8
exec 8>&-
_job_pool_echo "### _job_pool_worker-${id}: exited ${result}: ${line}"
fi
done
exec 7>&-
}
你可以在Github get a copy of my solution。这是使用我的实现的示例程序。
#!/bin/bash
. job_pool.sh
function foobar()
{
# do something
true
}
# initialize the job pool to allow 3 parallel jobs and echo commands
job_pool_init 3 0
# run jobs
job_pool_run sleep 1
job_pool_run sleep 2
job_pool_run sleep 3
job_pool_run foobar
job_pool_run foobar
job_pool_run /bin/false
# wait until all jobs complete before continuing
job_pool_wait
# more jobs
job_pool_run /bin/false
job_pool_run sleep 1
job_pool_run sleep 2
job_pool_run foobar
# don't forget to shut down the job pool
job_pool_shutdown
# check the $job_pool_nerrors for the number of jobs that exited non-zero
echo "job_pool_nerrors: ${job_pool_nerrors}"
希望这有帮助!
答案 2 :(得分:15)
使用GNU Parallel,您可以:
cat tasks | parallel -j4 myprog
如果您有4个核心,您甚至可以这样做:
cat tasks | parallel myprog
来自http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/parallel.git/tree/README:
完全安装GNU Parallel非常简单:
./configure && make && make install
如果您不是root用户,可以在路径中添加〜/ bin并安装 〜/ bin和〜/ share:
./configure --prefix=$HOME && make && make install
或者,如果您的系统缺少'make',您只需复制src / parallel即可 src / sem src / niceload src / sql到你路径中的一个目录。
如果你只是需要并行而且没有安装'make'(也许是 系统是旧的或Microsoft Windows):
wget http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/parallel.git/plain/src/parallel
chmod 755 parallel
cp parallel sem
mv parallel sem dir-in-your-$PATH/bin/
在此之后你应该能够做到:
parallel -j0 ping -nc 3 ::: foss.org.my gnu.org freenetproject.org
这会将3个ping数据包并行发送到3个不同的主机并进行打印 完成时的输出。
观看介绍视频以获得快速介绍: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL284C9FF2488BC6D1
答案 3 :(得分:3)
我建议编写四个脚本,每个脚本都会串行执行一定数量的任务。然后编写另一个脚本,并行启动四个脚本。例如,如果您有脚本,script1.sh,script2.sh,script3.sh和script4.sh,那么您可以使用名为headscript.sh的脚本。
#!/bin/sh
./script1.sh &
./script2.sh &
./script3.sh &
./script4.sh &
答案 4 :(得分:1)
你可以用信号做一些聪明的事。
注意这只是为了说明这个概念,因而没有经过彻底的测试。
#!/usr/local/bin/bash
this_pid="$$"
jobs_running=0
sleep_pid=
# Catch alarm signals to adjust the number of running jobs
trap 'decrement_jobs' SIGALRM
# When a job finishes, decrement the total and kill the sleep process
decrement_jobs()
{
jobs_running=$(($jobs_running - 1))
if [ -n "${sleep_pid}" ]
then
kill -s SIGKILL "${sleep_pid}"
sleep_pid=
fi
}
# Check to see if the max jobs are running, if so sleep until woken
launch_task()
{
if [ ${jobs_running} -gt 3 ]
then
(
while true
do
sleep 999
done
) &
sleep_pid=$!
wait ${sleep_pid}
fi
# Launch the requested task, signalling the parent upon completion
(
"$@"
kill -s SIGALRM "${this_pid}"
) &
jobs_running=$((${jobs_running} + 1))
}
# Launch all of the tasks, this can be in a loop, etc.
launch_task task1
launch_task tast2
...
launch_task task99
答案 5 :(得分:1)
这个经过测试的脚本一次运行5个作业,并且会一旦重新启动一个新作业(由于当我们获得SIGCHLD时因为睡眠10.9而被杀死。一个更简单的版本可以使用直接轮询(更改睡10.9睡1并摆脱陷阱)。
#!/usr/bin/bash
set -o monitor
trap "pkill -P $$ -f 'sleep 10\.9' >&/dev/null" SIGCHLD
totaljobs=15
numjobs=5
worktime=10
curjobs=0
declare -A pidlist
dojob()
{
slot=$1
time=$(echo "$RANDOM * 10 / 32768" | bc -l)
echo Starting job $slot with args $time
sleep $time &
pidlist[$slot]=`jobs -p %%`
curjobs=$(($curjobs + 1))
totaljobs=$(($totaljobs - 1))
}
# start
while [ $curjobs -lt $numjobs -a $totaljobs -gt 0 ]
do
dojob $curjobs
done
# Poll for jobs to die, restarting while we have them
while [ $totaljobs -gt 0 ]
do
for ((i=0;$i < $curjobs;i++))
do
if ! kill -0 ${pidlist[$i]} >&/dev/null
then
dojob $i
break
fi
done
sleep 10.9 >&/dev/null
done
wait
答案 6 :(得分:1)
在回答@Parag Sardas'之后,链接的文档是您可能想在.bash_aliases
上添加的快速脚本。
重新链接doc link,因为它值得一读
#!/bin/bash
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/19618159
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/51861820
#
# Example file contents:
# touch /tmp/a.txt
# touch /tmp/b.txt
if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]; then
echo "$0 <file> [max-procs=0]"
exit 1
fi
FILE=${1}
MAX_PROCS=${2:-0}
cat $FILE | while read line; do printf "%q\n" "$line"; done | xargs --max-procs=$MAX_PROCS -I CMD bash -c CMD
即
从Jobs.txt中最多./xargs-parallel.sh jobs.txt 4
读取4个进程
答案 7 :(得分:1)
我使用众所周知的 xargs 工具的内置功能找到了A Foo Walks into a Bar... blog中提出的最佳解决方案 首先创建一个文件 commands.txt ,其中包含要执行的命令列表
myprog taskname1
myprog taskname2
myprog taskname3
myprog taskname4
...
myprog taskname123
然后将其通过管道传输到xargs,以在4个进程池中执行:
cat commands.txt | xargs -I CMD --max-procs=4 bash -c CMD
您可以修改任何流程
答案 8 :(得分:0)
关于4个shell脚本的其他答案并不能完全满足我的要求,因为它假设所有任务都需要大约相同的时间,因为它需要手动设置。但这是我如何改进它。
主脚本将根据某些namimg约定创建指向可执行文件的符号链接。例如,
ln -s executable1 ./01-task.01
第一个前缀用于排序,后缀用于标识批次(01-04)。 现在我们生成4个shell脚本,它们将批号作为输入并执行类似这样的操作
for t in $(ls ./*-task.$batch | sort ; do
t
rm t
done
答案 9 :(得分:0)
在bash中查看我的工作池实现:https://github.com/spektom/shell-utils/blob/master/jp.sh
例如,要从大量URL下载时最多运行3个cURL进程,可以按如下方式包装cURL命令:
./jp.sh "My Download Pool" 3 curl http://site1/...
./jp.sh "My Download Pool" 3 curl http://site2/...
./jp.sh "My Download Pool" 3 curl http://site3/...
...
答案 10 :(得分:0)
这是我的解决方案。这个想法很简单。我创建了一个fifo
作为信号量,其中每一行代表一个可用资源。 read
放入队列时,如果没有剩余内容,则主进程将阻塞。并且,在任务完成之后,我们只需将任何内容echo
放入队列中就可以返回资源。
function task() {
local task_no="$1"
# doing the actual task...
echo "Executing Task ${task_no}"
# which takes a long time
sleep 1
}
function execute_concurrently() {
local tasks="$1"
local ps_pool_size="$2"
# create an anonymous fifo as a Semaphore
local sema_fifo
sema_fifo="$(mktemp -u)"
mkfifo "${sema_fifo}"
exec 3<>"${sema_fifo}"
rm -f "${sema_fifo}"
# every 'x' stands for an available resource
for i in $(seq 1 "${ps_pool_size}"); do
echo 'x' >&3
done
for task_no in $(seq 1 "${tasks}"); do
read dummy <&3 # blocks util a resource is available
(
trap 'echo x >&3' EXIT # returns the resource on exit
task "${task_no}"
)&
done
wait # wait util all forked tasks have finished
}
execute_concurrently 10 4
以上脚本将同时运行10个任务和4个任务。您可以将$(seq 1 "${tasks}")
顺序更改为要运行的实际任务队列。
答案 11 :(得分:0)
我根据此Writing a process pool in Bash中介绍的方法进行了修改。
#!/bin/bash
#set -e # this doesn't work here for some reason
POOL_SIZE=4 # number of workers running in parallel
#######################################################################
# populate jobs #
#######################################################################
declare -a jobs
for (( i = 1988; i < 2019; i++ )); do
jobs+=($i)
done
echo '################################################'
echo ' Launching jobs'
echo '################################################'
parallel() {
local proc procs jobs cur
jobs=("$@") # input jobs array
declare -a procs=() # processes array
cur=0 # current job idx
morework=true
while $morework; do
# if process array size < pool size, try forking a new proc
if [[ "${#procs[@]}" -lt "$POOL_SIZE" ]]; then
if [[ $cur -lt "${#jobs[@]}" ]]; then
proc=${jobs[$cur]}
echo "JOB ID = $cur; JOB = $proc."
###############
# do job here #
###############
sleep 3 &
# add to current running processes
procs+=("$!")
# move to the next job
((cur++))
else
morework=false
continue
fi
fi
for n in "${!procs[@]}"; do
kill -0 "${procs[n]}" 2>/dev/null && continue
# if process is not running anymore, remove from array
unset procs[n]
done
done
wait
}
parallel "${jobs[@]}"