如何编写一个进程池bash shell

时间:2011-06-22 14:24:00

标签: bash shell multiprocessing sh multiprocess

我有10个以上的任务要执行,系统限制最多可以同时运行4个任务。

我的任务可以像下面这样开始: myprog任务名称

如何编写bash shell脚本来运行这些任务。最重要的是,当一个任务完成时,脚本可以立即启动另一个任务,使运行任务计数始终保持为4。

12 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:44)

使用xargs

xargs -P <maximun-number-of-process-at-a-time> -n <arguments per process> <commnad>

详情here

答案 1 :(得分:25)

我在考虑编写自己的流程池时遇到了这个问题,特别喜欢Brandon Horsley的解决方案,虽然我无法使信号正常工作,所以我从Apache那里获取灵感并决定尝试使用pre-fork模型一个fifo作为我的工作队列。

以下函数是分叉时工作进程运行的函数。

# \brief the worker function that is called when we fork off worker processes
# \param[in] id  the worker ID
# \param[in] job_queue  the fifo to read jobs from
# \param[in] result_log  the temporary log file to write exit codes to
function _job_pool_worker()
{
    local id=$1
    local job_queue=$2
    local result_log=$3
    local line=

    exec 7<> ${job_queue}
    while [[ "${line}" != "${job_pool_end_of_jobs}" && -e "${job_queue}" ]]; do
        # workers block on the exclusive lock to read the job queue
        flock --exclusive 7
        read line <${job_queue}
        flock --unlock 7
        # the worker should exit if it sees the end-of-job marker or run the
        # job otherwise and save its exit code to the result log.
        if [[ "${line}" == "${job_pool_end_of_jobs}" ]]; then
            # write it one more time for the next sibling so that everyone
            # will know we are exiting.
            echo "${line}" >&7
        else
            _job_pool_echo "### _job_pool_worker-${id}: ${line}"
            # run the job
            { ${line} ; } 
            # now check the exit code and prepend "ERROR" to the result log entry
            # which we will use to count errors and then strip out later.
            local result=$?
            local status=
            if [[ "${result}" != "0" ]]; then
                status=ERROR
            fi  
            # now write the error to the log, making sure multiple processes
            # don't trample over each other.
            exec 8<> ${result_log}
            flock --exclusive 8
            echo "${status}job_pool: exited ${result}: ${line}" >> ${result_log}
            flock --unlock 8
            exec 8>&-
            _job_pool_echo "### _job_pool_worker-${id}: exited ${result}: ${line}"
        fi  
    done
    exec 7>&-
}

你可以在Github get a copy of my solution。这是使用我的实现的示例程序。

#!/bin/bash

. job_pool.sh

function foobar()
{
    # do something
    true
}   

# initialize the job pool to allow 3 parallel jobs and echo commands
job_pool_init 3 0

# run jobs
job_pool_run sleep 1
job_pool_run sleep 2
job_pool_run sleep 3
job_pool_run foobar
job_pool_run foobar
job_pool_run /bin/false

# wait until all jobs complete before continuing
job_pool_wait

# more jobs
job_pool_run /bin/false
job_pool_run sleep 1
job_pool_run sleep 2
job_pool_run foobar

# don't forget to shut down the job pool
job_pool_shutdown

# check the $job_pool_nerrors for the number of jobs that exited non-zero
echo "job_pool_nerrors: ${job_pool_nerrors}"

希望这有帮助!

答案 2 :(得分:15)

使用GNU Parallel,您可以:

cat tasks | parallel -j4 myprog

如果您有4个核心,您甚至可以这样做:

cat tasks | parallel myprog

来自http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/parallel.git/tree/README

完全安装

完全安装GNU Parallel非常简单:

./configure && make && make install

个人安装

如果您不是root用户,可以在路径中添加〜/ bin并安装 〜/ bin和〜/ share:

./configure --prefix=$HOME && make && make install

或者,如果您的系统缺少'make',您只需复制src / parallel即可 src / sem src / niceload src / sql到你路径中的一个目录。

最小安装

如果你只是需要并行而且没有安装'make'(也许是 系统是旧的或Microsoft Windows):

wget http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/parallel.git/plain/src/parallel
chmod 755 parallel
cp parallel sem
mv parallel sem dir-in-your-$PATH/bin/

测试安装

在此之后你应该能够做到:

parallel -j0 ping -nc 3 ::: foss.org.my gnu.org freenetproject.org

这会将3个ping数据包并行发送到3个不同的主机并进行打印 完成时的输出。

观看介绍视频以获得快速介绍: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL284C9FF2488BC6D1

答案 3 :(得分:3)

我建议编写四个脚本,每个脚本都会串行执行一定数量的任务。然后编写另一个脚本,并行启动四个脚本。例如,如果您有脚本,script1.sh,script2.sh,script3.sh和script4.sh,那么您可以使用名为headscript.sh的脚本。

#!/bin/sh
./script1.sh & 
./script2.sh & 
./script3.sh & 
./script4.sh &

答案 4 :(得分:1)

你可以用信号做一些聪明的事。

注意这只是为了说明这个概念,因而没有经过彻底的测试。

#!/usr/local/bin/bash

this_pid="$$"
jobs_running=0
sleep_pid=

# Catch alarm signals to adjust the number of running jobs
trap 'decrement_jobs' SIGALRM

# When a job finishes, decrement the total and kill the sleep process
decrement_jobs()
{
  jobs_running=$(($jobs_running - 1))
  if [ -n "${sleep_pid}" ]
  then
    kill -s SIGKILL "${sleep_pid}"
    sleep_pid=
  fi
}

# Check to see if the max jobs are running, if so sleep until woken
launch_task()
{
  if [ ${jobs_running} -gt 3 ]
  then
    (
      while true
      do
        sleep 999
      done
    ) &
    sleep_pid=$!
    wait ${sleep_pid}
  fi

  # Launch the requested task, signalling the parent upon completion
  (
    "$@"
    kill -s SIGALRM "${this_pid}"
  ) &
  jobs_running=$((${jobs_running} + 1))
}

# Launch all of the tasks, this can be in a loop, etc.
launch_task task1
launch_task tast2
...
launch_task task99

答案 5 :(得分:1)

这个经过测试的脚本一次运行5个作业,并且会一旦重新启动一个新作业(由于当我们获得SIGCHLD时因为睡眠10.9而被杀死。一个更简单的版本可以使用直接轮询(更改睡10.9睡1并摆脱陷阱)。

#!/usr/bin/bash

set -o monitor
trap "pkill -P $$ -f 'sleep 10\.9' >&/dev/null" SIGCHLD

totaljobs=15
numjobs=5
worktime=10
curjobs=0
declare -A pidlist

dojob()
{
  slot=$1
  time=$(echo "$RANDOM * 10 / 32768" | bc -l)
  echo Starting job $slot with args $time
  sleep $time &
  pidlist[$slot]=`jobs -p %%`
  curjobs=$(($curjobs + 1))
  totaljobs=$(($totaljobs - 1))
}

# start
while [ $curjobs -lt $numjobs -a $totaljobs -gt 0 ]
 do
  dojob $curjobs
 done

# Poll for jobs to die, restarting while we have them
while [ $totaljobs -gt 0 ]
 do
  for ((i=0;$i < $curjobs;i++))
   do
    if ! kill -0 ${pidlist[$i]} >&/dev/null
     then
      dojob $i
      break
     fi
   done
   sleep 10.9 >&/dev/null
 done
wait

答案 6 :(得分:1)

在回答@Parag Sardas'之后,链接的文档是您可能想在.bash_aliases上添加的快速脚本。

重新链接doc link,因为它值得一读

#!/bin/bash
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/19618159
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/51861820
#
# Example file contents:
# touch /tmp/a.txt
# touch /tmp/b.txt

if [ "$#" -eq 0 ];  then
  echo "$0 <file> [max-procs=0]"
  exit 1
fi

FILE=${1}
MAX_PROCS=${2:-0}
cat $FILE | while read line; do printf "%q\n" "$line"; done | xargs --max-procs=$MAX_PROCS -I CMD bash -c CMD

即 从Jobs.txt中最多./xargs-parallel.sh jobs.txt 4读取4个进程

答案 7 :(得分:1)

我使用众所周知的 xargs 工具的内置功能找到了A Foo Walks into a Bar... blog中提出的最佳解决方案 首先创建一个文件 commands.txt ,其中包含要执行的命令列表

myprog taskname1
myprog taskname2
myprog taskname3
myprog taskname4
...
myprog taskname123

然后将其通过管道传输到xargs,以在4个进程池中执行:

cat commands.txt | xargs -I CMD --max-procs=4 bash -c CMD

您可以修改任何流程

答案 8 :(得分:0)

关于4个shell脚本的其他答案并不能完全满足我的要求,因为它假设所有任务都需要大约相同的时间,因为它需要手动设置。但这是我如何改进它。

主脚本将根据某些namimg约定创建指向可执行文件的符号链接。例如,

ln -s executable1 ./01-task.01

第一个前缀用于排序,后缀用于标识批次(01-04)。 现在我们生成4个shell脚本,它们将批号作为输入并执行类似这样的操作

for t in $(ls ./*-task.$batch | sort ; do
   t
   rm t
done

答案 9 :(得分:0)

在bash中查看我的工作池实现:https://github.com/spektom/shell-utils/blob/master/jp.sh

例如,要从大量URL下载时最多运行3个cURL进程,可以按如下方式包装cURL命令:

./jp.sh "My Download Pool" 3 curl http://site1/...
./jp.sh "My Download Pool" 3 curl http://site2/...
./jp.sh "My Download Pool" 3 curl http://site3/...
...

答案 10 :(得分:0)

这是我的解决方案。这个想法很简单。我创建了一个fifo作为信号量,其中每一行代表一个可用资源。 read放入队列时,如果没有剩余内容,则主进程将阻塞。并且,在任务完成之后,我们只需将任何内容echo放入队列中就可以返回资源。

function task() {
    local task_no="$1"
    # doing the actual task...
    echo "Executing Task ${task_no}"
    # which takes a long time
    sleep 1
}

function execute_concurrently() {
    local tasks="$1"
    local ps_pool_size="$2"

    # create an anonymous fifo as a Semaphore
    local sema_fifo
    sema_fifo="$(mktemp -u)"
    mkfifo "${sema_fifo}"
    exec 3<>"${sema_fifo}"
    rm -f "${sema_fifo}"

    # every 'x' stands for an available resource
    for i in $(seq 1 "${ps_pool_size}"); do
        echo 'x' >&3
    done

    for task_no in $(seq 1 "${tasks}"); do
        read dummy <&3 # blocks util a resource is available
        (
            trap 'echo x >&3' EXIT # returns the resource on exit
            task "${task_no}"
        )&
    done
    wait # wait util all forked tasks have finished
}

execute_concurrently 10 4

以上脚本将同时运行10个任务和4个任务。您可以将$(seq 1 "${tasks}")顺序更改为要运行的实际任务队列。

答案 11 :(得分:0)

我根据此Writing a process pool in Bash中介绍的方法进行了修改。

#!/bin/bash

#set -e   # this doesn't work here for some reason
POOL_SIZE=4   # number of workers running in parallel

#######################################################################
#                            populate jobs                            #
#######################################################################

declare -a jobs

for (( i = 1988; i < 2019; i++ )); do
    jobs+=($i)
done

echo '################################################'
echo '    Launching jobs'
echo '################################################'

parallel() {
    local proc procs jobs cur
    jobs=("$@")         # input jobs array
    declare -a procs=() # processes array
    cur=0               # current job idx

    morework=true
    while $morework; do
        # if process array size < pool size, try forking a new proc
        if [[ "${#procs[@]}" -lt "$POOL_SIZE" ]]; then
            if [[ $cur -lt "${#jobs[@]}" ]]; then
                proc=${jobs[$cur]}
                echo "JOB ID = $cur; JOB = $proc."

                ###############
                # do job here #
                ###############

                sleep 3 &

                # add to current running processes
                procs+=("$!")
                # move to the next job
                ((cur++))
            else
                morework=false
                continue
            fi
        fi

        for n in "${!procs[@]}"; do
            kill -0 "${procs[n]}" 2>/dev/null && continue
            # if process is not running anymore, remove from array
            unset procs[n]
        done
    done
    wait
}

parallel "${jobs[@]}"