是否可以在运行时替换函数/方法装饰器? [python]

时间:2009-03-13 13:42:34

标签: python runtime language-features decorator

如果我有一个功能:


@aDecorator
def myfunc1():
  # do something here

if __name__ = "__main__":
  # this will call the function and will use the decorator @aDecorator
  myfunc1() 
  # now I want the @aDecorator to be replaced with the decorator @otherDecorator
  # so that when this code executes, the function no longer goes through
  # @aDecorator, but instead through @otherDecorator. How can I do this?
  myfunc1()

是否可以在运行时替换装饰器?

7 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:14)

正如Miya所提到的,在解释器获得该函数声明之前,您可以在任何点上用另一个函数替换装饰器。但是,一旦将装饰器应用于该函数,我认为没有办法用另一个动态替换装饰器。例如:

@aDecorator
def myfunc1():
    pass

# Oops! I didn't want that decorator after all!

myfunc1 = bDecorator(myfunc1)

无效,因为myfunc1不再是您最初定义的功能;它已被包裹。这里最好的方法是手动应用装饰器,oldskool-style,即:

def myfunc1():
    pass

myfunc2 = aDecorator(myfunc1)
myfunc3 = bDecorator(myfunc1)

编辑:或者,更清楚一点,

def _tempFunc():
    pass

myfunc1 = aDecorator(_tempFunc)
myfunc1()
myfunc1 = bDecorator(_tempFunc)
myfunc1()

答案 1 :(得分:5)

我不知道是否有一种方法可以在应用装饰器后“替换”装饰器,但我想可能没有,因为该功能已经被更改。

无论如何,您可能会在运行时根据某些条件应用装饰器:

#!/usr/bin/env python

class PrintCallInfo:
    def __init__(self,f):
        self.f = f
    def __call__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        print "-->",self.f.__name__,args,kwargs
        r = self.f(*args,**kwargs)
        print "<--",self.f.__name__,"returned: ",r
        return r

# the condition to modify the function...
some_condition=True

def my_decorator(f):
    if (some_condition): # modify the function
        return PrintCallInfo(f)
    else: # leave it as it is
        return f

@my_decorator
def foo():
    print "foo"

@my_decorator
def bar(s):
    print "hello",s
    return s

@my_decorator
def foobar(x=1,y=2):
    print x,y
    return x + y

foo()
bar("world")
foobar(y=5)

答案 2 :(得分:3)

这是一个了不起的recipe to get you started。基本上,我们的想法是将类实例传递给装饰器。然后,您可以在类实例上设置属性(如果您愿意,可以将其设置为Borg)并使用它来控制装饰器本身的行为。

以下是一个例子:

class Foo:
    def __init__(self, do_apply):
        self.do_apply = do_apply

def dec(foo):
    def wrap(f):
        def func(*args, **kwargs):
            if foo.do_apply:
                # Do something!
                pass 
            return f(*args, **kwargs)
        return func
    return wrap

foo = Foo(False)
@dec(foo)
def bar(x):
    return x

bar('bar') 
foo.do_apply = True 
# Decorator now active!
bar('baz')

当然,您还可以合并“装饰器装饰器”以保留签名等。

答案 3 :(得分:1)

当然 - 您可以获取功能对象并随意执行任何操作:

# Bypass a decorator

import types

class decorator_test(object):

    def __init__(self, f):
        self.f = f

    def __call__(self):
        print "In decorator ... entering: ", self.f.__name__
        self.f()
        print "In decorator ... exiting: ", self.f.__name__


@decorator_test
def func1():
    print "inside func1()"

print "\nCalling func1 with decorator..."
func1()

print "\nBypassing decorator..."
for value in func1.__dict__.values():
    if isinstance(value, types.FunctionType) and value.func_name == "func1":
        value.__call__()

答案 4 :(得分:0)

如果你想明确地改变装饰器,你也可以选择更明确的方法,而不是创建一个装饰函数:

deco1(myfunc1, arg1, arg2)
deco2(myfunc1, arg2, arg3)

deco1()和deco2()将应用装饰器提供的功能,并使用参数调用myfunc1()。

答案 5 :(得分:-1)

我知道这是一个老线程,但我很乐意这样做

def change_deco(name, deco, placeholder='    #'):
with open(name + '.py', 'r') as file:
    lines = file.readlines()
for idx, string in enumerate(lines):
    if placeholder in string and repr(placeholder) not in string:
        lines[idx] = f'    @{deco}\r\n'
exec(''.join(lines))
return locals()[name]

答案 6 :(得分:-2)

如果装饰器是一个函数,只需替换它。

aDecorator = otherDecorator