情况如下:
使用单个线程执行DFS工作,但速度很慢。覆盖15级可能需要几分钟,我需要改善这种糟糕的表现。尝试为每个子树分配一个线程,创建了太多线程并导致OutOfMemoryError
。使用ThreadPoolExecutor
并不是更好。
我的问题:遍历这棵大树的最有效方法是什么?
答案 0 :(得分:3)
我不相信导航树是你的问题,因为你的树有大约3600万个节点。相反,你对每个节点所做的事情更有可能是昂贵的。
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
public class Main {
public static final int TOP_LEVELS = 2;
enum BuySell {}
private static final AtomicLong called = new AtomicLong();
public static void main(String... args) throws InterruptedException {
int maxLevels = 15;
long start = System.nanoTime();
method(maxLevels);
long time = System.nanoTime() - start;
System.out.printf("Took %.3f second to navigate %,d levels called %,d times%n", time / 1e9, maxLevels, called.longValue());
}
public static void method(int maxLevels) throws InterruptedException {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
try {
int result = method(service, 0, maxLevels - 1, new int[maxLevels]).call();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
service.shutdown();
service.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
}
// single threaded process the highest levels of the tree.
private static Callable<Integer> method(final ExecutorService service, final int level, final int maxLevel, final int[] options) {
int choices = level % 2 == 0 ? 3 : 4;
final List<Callable<Integer>> callables = new ArrayList<Callable<Integer>>(choices);
for (int i = 0; i < choices; i++) {
options[level] = i;
Callable<Integer> callable = level < TOP_LEVELS ?
method(service, level + 1, maxLevel, options) :
method1(service, level + 1, maxLevel, options);
callables.add(callable);
}
return new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
Integer min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for (Callable<Integer> result : callables) {
Integer num = result.call();
if (min > num)
min = num;
}
return min;
}
};
}
// at this level, process the branches in separate threads.
private static Callable<Integer> method1(final ExecutorService service, final int level, final int maxLevel, final int[] options) {
int choices = level % 2 == 0 ? 3 : 4;
final List<Future<Integer>> futures = new ArrayList<Future<Integer>>(choices);
for (int i = 0; i < choices; i++) {
options[level] = i;
final int[] optionsCopy = options.clone();
Future<Integer> future = service.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() {
return method2(level + 1, maxLevel, optionsCopy);
}
});
futures.add(future);
}
return new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
Integer min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for (Future<Integer> result : futures) {
Integer num = result.get();
if (min > num)
min = num;
}
return min;
}
};
}
// at these levels each task processes in its own thread.
private static int method2(int level, int maxLevel, int[] options) {
if (level == maxLevel) {
return process(options);
}
int choices = level % 2 == 0 ? 3 : 4;
int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for (int i = 0; i < choices; i++) {
options[level] = i;
int n = method2(level + 1, maxLevel, options);
if (min > n)
min = n;
}
return min;
}
private static int process(final int[] options) {
int min = options[0];
for (int i : options)
if (min > i)
min = i;
called.incrementAndGet();
return min;
}
}
打印
Took 1.273 second to navigate 15 levels called 35,831,808 times
我建议你限制线程数量,并且只为树的最高级别使用单独的线程。你有几个核心?一旦你有足够的线程来保持每个核心繁忙,你就不需要创建更多的线程,因为这只会增加开销。
Java有一个内置的堆栈,线程安全,但我只使用更高效的ArrayList。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
您肯定必须使用迭代方法。最简单的方法是基于堆栈的DFS,其伪代码类似于:
STACK.push(root)
while (STACK.nonempty)
current = STACK.pop
if (current.done) continue
// ... do something with node ...
current.done = true
FOREACH (neighbor n of current)
if (! n.done )
STACK.push(n)
时间复杂度为O(n + m),其中n(m)表示图中节点(边)的数量。由于你有一棵树,这是O(n),并且应该很快就可以在n> 1.000.000的情况下快速工作......