可观察的主题事件侦听器

时间:2020-09-29 09:27:44

标签: javascript angular rxjs observable observer-pattern

我一直在研究Observables及其与EventEmitter的区别,然后偶然发现Subjects(我可以看到Angulars EventEmitter基于)。

Observable似乎是单播,而多播的主题(然后EE只是将.next封装在emit中以提供正确接口的主题)。

可观察对象似乎很容易实现

class Observable {
    constructor(subscribe) {
        this._subscribe = subscribe;
    }

    subscribe(next, complete, error) {
        const observer = new Observer(next, complete, error);

        // return way to unsubscribe
        return this._subscribe(observer);
    }

}

Observer只是一个包装,其中添加了一些try catch和monitor isComplete,以便可以清理并停止观察。

对于我想到的主题:

class Subject {
    subscribers = new Set();

    constructor() {
        this.observable = new Observable(observer => {
            this.observer = observer;
        });

        this.observable.subscribe((...args) => {
            this.subscribers.forEach(sub => sub(...args))
        });
    }

    subscribe(subscriber) {
        this.subscribers.add(subscriber);
    }

    emit(...args) {
        this.observer.next(...args);
    }
}

哪种类型合并到一个EventEmitter中,并用.next封装在一起,用emit包装-但是捕获Observable的observe参数似乎是错误的-就像我刚刚破解了一个解决方案。从可观察(单播)产生主题(多播)的更好方法是什么?

我尝试查看RXJS,但看不到subscribers数组是如何填充的:/

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:8)

我认为您也可以通过使用调试器来更好地理解。打开一个StackBlitz RxJS项目,创建最简单的示例(取决于您要理解的内容),然后放置一些断点。 AFAIK,使用StackBlitz可以调试TypeScript文件,这看起来很棒。


首先,Subjectextends Observable

export class Subject<T> extends Observable<T> implements SubscriptionLike { /* ... */ }

现在让我们检查一下Observable类。

它具有著名的pipe method

pipe(...operations: OperatorFunction<any, any>[]): Observable<any> {
  return operations.length ? pipeFromArray(operations)(this) : this;
}

其中pipeFromArray被定义为as follows

export function pipeFromArray<T, R>(fns: Array<UnaryFunction<T, R>>): UnaryFunction<T, R> {
  if (fns.length === 0) {
    return identity as UnaryFunction<any, any>;
  }

  if (fns.length === 1) {
    return fns[0];
  }

  return function piped(input: T): R {
    return fns.reduce((prev: any, fn: UnaryFunction<T, R>) => fn(prev), input as any);
  };
}

在弄清上面片段中发生的事情之前,重要的是要知道 operators 。运算符是一个函数,它返回另一个函数,该函数的单个参数为Observable<T>,返回类型为Observable<R>。有时,TR可以相同(例如,使用filter()debounceTime() ...时)。

例如,mapdefined like this

export function map<T, R>(project: (value: T, index: number) => R, thisArg?: any): OperatorFunction<T, R> {
  return operate((source, subscriber) => {
    // The index of the value from the source. Used with projection.
    let index = 0;
    // Subscribe to the source, all errors and completions are sent along
    // to the consumer.
    source.subscribe(
      new OperatorSubscriber(subscriber, (value: T) => {
        // Call the projection function with the appropriate this context,
        // and send the resulting value to the consumer.
        subscriber.next(project.call(thisArg, value, index++));
      })
    );
  });
}

export function operate<T, R>(
  init: (liftedSource: Observable<T>, subscriber: Subscriber<R>) => (() => void) | void
): OperatorFunction<T, R> {
  return (source: Observable<T>) => {
    if (hasLift(source)) {
      return source.lift(function (this: Subscriber<R>, liftedSource: Observable<T>) {
        try {
          return init(liftedSource, this);
        } catch (err) {
          this.error(err);
        }
      });
    }
    throw new TypeError('Unable to lift unknown Observable type');
  };
}

因此,operate返回一个功能。注意其参数:source: Observable<T>。返回类型是从Subscriber<R>派生的。

Observable.lift仅创建一个新的Observable。就像在喜欢的列表中创建节点一样。

protected lift<R>(operator?: Operator<T, R>): Observable<R> {
  const observable = new Observable<R>();
  
  // it's important to keep track of the source !
  observable.source = this;
  observable.operator = operator;
  return observable;
}

因此,运算符(如map)将返回一个函数。调用该函数的是pipeFromArray函数:

export function pipeFromArray<T, R>(fns: Array<UnaryFunction<T, R>>): UnaryFunction<T, R> {
  if (fns.length === 0) {
    return identity as UnaryFunction<any, any>;
  }

  if (fns.length === 1) {
    return fns[0];
  }

  return function piped(input: T): R {
    // here the functions returned by the operators are being called
    return fns.reduce((prev: any, fn: UnaryFunction<T, R>) => fn(prev), input as any);
  };
}

在以上代码段中,fn函数返回的内容是operate

return (source: Observable<T>) => {
  if (hasLift(source)) { // has `lift` method
    return source.lift(function (this: Subscriber<R>, liftedSource: Observable<T>) {
      try {
        return init(liftedSource, this);
      } catch (err) {
        this.error(err);
      }
    });
  }
  throw new TypeError('Unable to lift unknown Observable type');
};

也许最好还是看一个例子。我建议您自己尝试使用调试器。

const src$ = new Observable(subscriber => {subscriber.next(1), subscriber.complete()});

subscriber => {}回调fn将分配给Observable._subscribe属性。

constructor(subscribe?: (this: Observable<T>, subscriber: Subscriber<T>) => TeardownLogic) {
  if (subscribe) {
    this._subscribe = subscribe;
  }
}

接下来,让我们尝试添加一个运算符:

const src2$ = src$.pipe(map(num => num ** 2))

在这种情况下,它将从pipeFromArray调用此块:

// `pipeFromArray`
if (fns.length === 1) {
  return fns[0];
}

// `Observable.pipe`
pipe(...operations: OperatorFunction<any, any>[]): Observable<any> {
  return operations.length ? pipeFromArray(operations)(this) : this;
}

因此,Observable.pipe将调用(source: Observable<T>) => { ... },其中sourcesrc$ Observable。通过调用该函数(其结果存储在src2$中),它还将调用Observable.lift方法。

return source.lift(function (this: Subscriber<R>, liftedSource: Observable<T>) {
  try {
    return init(liftedSource, this);
  } catch (err) {
    this.error(err);
  }
});

/* ... */

protected lift<R>(operator?: Operator<T, R>): Observable<R> {
  const observable = new Observable<R>();
  observable.source = this;
  observable.operator = operator;
  return observable;
}

此时,src$是一个Observable实例,其中source设置为src$,而operator设置为function (this: Subscriber<R>, liftedSource: Observable<T>) ...

从我的角度来看,这完全是关于链接列表的。创建Observable链(通过添加运算符)时,列表是从上到下创建的。
tail节点调用其subscribe方法时,将创建另一个列表,这次是从下到上。我喜欢将第一个称为Observable list,将第二个称为Subscribers list

src2$.subscribe(console.log)

调用subscribe方法时会发生以下情况:

const subscriber = isSubscriber(observerOrNext) ? observerOrNext : new SafeSubscriber(observerOrNext, error, complete);
  
  const { operator, source } = this;
  subscriber.add(
    operator
      ? operator.call(subscriber, source)
      : source || config.useDeprecatedSynchronousErrorHandling
      ? this._subscribe(subscriber)
      : this._trySubscribe(subscriber)
  );

  return subscriber;

在这种情况下,src2$有一个operator,因此它将调用它。 operator定义为:

function (this: Subscriber<R>, liftedSource: Observable<T>) {
  try {
    return init(liftedSource, this);
  } catch (err) {
    this.error(err);
  }
}

其中init取决于所使用的运算符。再一次,这里是map的{​​{1}}

init

export function map<T, R>(project: (value: T, index: number) => R, thisArg?: any): OperatorFunction<T, R> { return operate( /* THIS IS `init()` */(source, subscriber) => { // The index of the value from the source. Used with projection. let index = 0; // Subscribe to the source, all errors and completions are sent along // to the consumer. source.subscribe( new OperatorSubscriber(subscriber, (value: T) => { // Call the projection function with the appropriate this context, // and send the resulting value to the consumer. subscriber.next(project.call(thisArg, value, index++)); }) ); }); } 实际上是source。调用src$时,它将最终调用提供给source.subscribe()的回调。调用new Observable(subscriber => { ... })将从上方调用subscriber.next(1),后者将调用(value: T) => { ... }subscriber.next(project.call(thisArg, value, index++));-提供给project的回调)。最后,map指的是subscriber.next

回到console.log,这是在调用_subscribe方法时发生的情况:

Subject

因此,这就是protected _subscribe(subscriber: Subscriber<T>): Subscription { this._throwIfClosed(); // if unsubscribed this._checkFinalizedStatuses(subscriber); // `error` or `complete` notifications return this._innerSubscribe(subscriber); } protected _innerSubscribe(subscriber: Subscriber<any>) { const { hasError, isStopped, observers } = this; return hasError || isStopped ? EMPTY_SUBSCRIPTION : (observers.push(subscriber), new Subscription(() => arrRemove(this.observers, subscriber))); } 个订户列表的填充方式。通过返回Subject's,它可以确保随后的订阅者取消订阅(由于new Subscription(() => arrRemove(this.observers, subscriber)) / complete通知或仅仅是error),无效订阅者将成为从subscriber.unsubscribe()的列表中删除。