Question

我正在尝试从网站的目标网页上抓取图像。所有图像都在search_results类名称之内。当我运行下面的脚本时，没有任何结果。我检查了status_code，发现脚本正在获取403。

由于图像是静态的并且在页面源中可用，我如何使用请求来刮擦图像链接？

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

url = 'https://pixabay.com/images/search/office/'

headers = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.83 Safari/537.36',
}

r = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
print(r.status_code)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text,"lxml")
for item in soup.select(".search_results a > img[src]"):
    print(item.get("src"))

任何与任何浏览器模拟器相关的解决方案，例如硒，都不是我想要的。

Answer 1

这使用Selenium。但是由于某种原因，似乎无法在无头模式下找到图像：

from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup


options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
#options.add_argument("headless")
options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-logging'])
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
try:
    driver.implicitly_wait(3)
    driver.get('https://pixabay.com/images/search/office')
    images = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('.search_results a > img[src]') # wait for images to show up
    soup = BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source, 'lxml')
    for item in soup.select(".search_results a > img[src]"):
        print(item.get("src"))
finally:
    driver.quit()

打印：

https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/03/09/09/22/workplace-1245776__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/01/08/18/26/write-593333__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/02/02/11/09/office-620822__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/05/02/21/50/home-office-336378__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/02/19/11/19/office-1209640__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/02/02/11/08/office-620817__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/03/26/13/09/cup-of-coffee-1280537__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/05/11/11/15/workplace-2303851__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/01/09/11/08/startup-594090__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/01/08/18/25/startup-593327__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/01/08/18/27/startup-593341__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/05/02/21/49/home-office-336373__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/01/09/11/11/office-594132__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/05/04/16/37/meeting-2284501__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/05/03/01/03/macbook-336704__340.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/01/11/21/27/desk-3076954__340.jpg
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Answer 2

此页面使用JavaScript和Cookies，这会引起问题。它还会检查其他标头，而不仅仅是User-Agent。

首先：您必须使用requests.Session()来保存cookie。第二：您必须加载一些页面（即主页）以获取这些cookie。当您拥有Cookie时，它将接受其他URL。第三：它还会检查其他标头以发送cookie。

我在浏览器中运行页面，并在Chrome / Firefox中使用DevTools复制真实浏览器使用的所有标头，然后使用不同的标头开始测试请求。终于我发现了它的需要

headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.83 Safari/537.36',
    'Accept-Language': 'en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3',
    'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
}

另一个问题是，滚动页面时页面使用JavaScript加载图像（“延迟加载”），并且某些URL不在scr中，而是在data-lazy中，然后在{{ 1}}具有src

'blank.gif'

Answer 3

Pixabay正在使用Cloudflare的Web应用程序防火墙（WAF）或类似的产品。手动解决这个问题很繁琐。

cloudflare-scrape是一个可能有帮助的库：https://github.com/Anorov/cloudflare-scrape

无法使用请求从网页上抓取一些静态图像链接

3 个答案: