Question

在Django项目中，我想实现一个简单的聊天框。

版本

Django版本3.0.8

Models.py

class DirectMessageClass(models.Model):  
sender = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE,
                             related_name='from_this')
receiver = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE,
                              related_name='to_this')
timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
content = models.CharField(max_length=200)
read = models.BooleanField(default=False)

def serialize(self):
    return {
        "id": self.id,
        "sender": self.sender.username,
        "sendername":self.sender.profile.firstname,
        "senderimage":self.sender.profile.image.url,
        "receiver": self.receiver.username,
        "content": self.content,
        "timestamp":self.timestamp.strftime("%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S"), # to format date
        "read":self.read,
    }

Views.py

def loadbox(request):
user = request.user 
# Return messages in reverse chronologial order
messages = DirectMessageClass.objects.filter(receiver=user).order_by("-timestamp").all()
return JsonResponse([message.serialize() for message in messages], safe=False)

我成功获取了消息，并使用此方法将其转换为/ loadbox路径中的JSON对象。稍后，我获取此数据以显示消息，并且可以正常工作。

我的/ loadbox路径示例

[{"id": 1, "sender": "ekvatorcizgisi", "sendername": "Asli", 
  "receiver": "bilge", "content": "hi", "timestamp": "09/02/2020, 08:22:26", "read": true}]

但是，因为我希望它显示为对话框。我还需要在此JSON对象中添加回复消息。

在views.py中，我尝试

def loadbox(request):
user = request.user 
# Return messages in reverse chronologial order
messages = DirectMessageClass.objects.filter(receiver=user).order_by("-timestamp").all()
# return replies sent by the current user
replies = DirectMessageClass.objects.filter(sender=user).order_by("-timestamp").all()
return JsonResponse([message.serialize() for message in messages], safe=False)

我不确定如何在/ loadbox路径中返回多个Json响应

return JsonResponse([message.serialize() for message in messages,reply.serialize() for reply in replies], safe=False)

显然出现语法错误，（SyntaxError：无效语法）我也尝试将其全部放入列表中，但无法使其正常工作。

我的理想输出是

 [messages: {"id": 1, "sender": "ekvatorcizgisi", "sendername": "Asli", 
  "receiver": "bilge", "content": "hi", "timestamp": "09/02/2020, 08:22:26", "read": true}
  replies:{"id": 3, "sender": "bilged", "sendername": "bilge", 
  "receiver": "Asli", "content": "hi there", "timestamp": "09/02/2020, 08:22:26", "read": false}]

也许我会为答复邮件提供另一条路径来解决此问题，但我想知道还有更好的方法吗？

Answer 1

使用 列出上层包装 技术

def loadbox(request):
    # rest of your code
    return JsonResponse(
        [
            *[message.serialize() for message in messages],
            *[reply.serialize() for reply in replies]
        ],
        safe=False
    )

简单演示：

In [1]: foo = [1,2,3]                                                                                                                                                                                              

In [2]: bar = [5,6,7]                                                                                                                                                                                              

In [3]: foo_bar = [*foo,*bar]                                                                                                                                                                                      

In [4]: foo_bar                                                                                                                                                                                                    
Out[4]: [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7]

有没有一种方法可以在Django中序列化多个对象？

1 个答案: