我们当前的best-practice for custom views是:
+loadInstanceFromNib
中执行此操作)。我们实际想要的是在查看控制器Nib中“嵌入”自定义视图Nib。如果不这样做,至少我们想要添加和将自定义视图实例放在视图控制器Nib中(不看其内容)。
我们已经非常接近以下解决方案:
@implementation CustomView
static BOOL loadNormally;
- (id) initWithCoder:(NSCoder*)aDecoder {
id returnValue = nil;
if (loadNormally) { // Step 2
returnValue = [super initWithCoder:aDecoder];
loadNormally = !loadNormally;
} else { // Step 1
loadNormally = !loadNormally;
returnValue = [CustomView loadInstanceFromNib];
}
return returnValue;
}
- (id) initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame {
loadNormally = YES;
self = (id) [[CustomView loadInstanceFromNib] retain];
self.frame = frame;
return self;
}
// ...
@end
如果我们以编程方式实例化自定义视图,我们使用-initWithFrame:
,它将从Nib加载视图(将调用-initWithCoder:
并右转到标记为“Step 2”的if分支) ,设置其框架,并将其保留计数设置为1。
但是,如果我们在视图控制器Nib中实例化自定义视图,那么(肯定是相当丑陋的)静态loadNormally
变量最初是NO
:我们从“步骤1”开始,我们在其中加载在确保我们将立即使用-initWithCoder:
的“正常”if-branch之后,返回从其Nib加载的实例。从自定义视图Nib加载意味着我们回到-initWithCoder:
,这次使用loadNormally==YES
,即我们让Nib加载机制完成其工作并返回自定义视图实例。
结果,总结:
答案 0 :(得分:3)
我们最终采用了一种更好的方法,包括在我们的自定义视图中覆盖-awakeAfterUsingCoder:
,将从视图控制器Nib加载的对象替换为从“嵌入式”Nib(CustomView.xib)加载的对象。
我在一篇博文中写了how we embed custom-view Nibs inside other Nibs。
代码如下:
// CustomView.m
- (id) awakeAfterUsingCoder:(NSCoder*)aDecoder {
BOOL theThingThatGotLoadedWasJustAPlaceholder = ([[self subviews] count] == 0);
if (theThingThatGotLoadedWasJustAPlaceholder) {
// load the embedded view from its Nib
CustomView* theRealThing = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed:NSStringFromClass([CustomView class]) owner:nil options:nil] objectAtIndex:0];
// pass properties through
theRealThing.frame = self.frame;
theRealThing.autoresizingMask = self.autoresizingMask;
[self release];
self = [theRealThing retain];
}
return self;
}
答案 1 :(得分:1)
杨的回答很棒......但是“发送到解除分配的实例的消息”仍然可能发生。我通过使用'self'赋值解决了这个问题。
因此,如果您使用ARC,则必须允许此“自我”分配。 (阅读https://blog.compeople.eu/apps/?p=142了解更多信息)
要在ARC项目中实现此目的,请在文件中添加“-fno-objc-arc”标志编译器设置。 然后在这个文件中进行NO-ARC编码(比如dealloc设置nils,调用super dealloc等等。)
此外,客户端nib的viewcontroller应该使用strong属性来保存awakeFromNib返回的实例。对于我的示例代码,customView的引用如下:
@property(强大,非原子)IBOutlet CustomView * customView;
我最后使用 UIView + Util 类别中定义的 copyUIPropertiesTo:和 loadNibNamed 在属性处理和nib加载方面添加了一些其他改进。< / p>
所以 awakeAfterUsingCoder:代码现在
#import "UIView+Util.h"
...
- (id) awakeAfterUsingCoder:(NSCoder*)aDecoder
{
// are we loading an empty “placeholder” or the real thing?
BOOL theThingThatGotLoadedWasJustAPlaceholder = ([[self subviews] count] == 0);
if (theThingThatGotLoadedWasJustAPlaceholder)
{
CustomView* customView = (id) [CustomView loadInstanceFromNib];
// copy all UI properties from self to new view!
// if not, property that were set using Interface buider are lost!
[self copyUIPropertiesTo:customView];
[self release];
// need retain to avoid deallocation
self = [customView retain];
}
return self;
}
UIView + Util类别代码是
@interface UIView (Util)
+(UIView*) loadInstanceFromNib;
-(void) copyUIPropertiesTo:(UIView *)view;
@end
及其实施
#import "UIView+Util.h"
#import "Log.h"
@implementation UIView (Util)
+(UIView*) loadInstanceFromNib
{
UIView *result = nil;
NSArray* elements = [[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed: NSStringFromClass([self class]) owner: nil options: nil];
for (id anObject in elements)
{
if ([anObject isKindOfClass:[self class]])
{
result = anObject;
break;
}
}
return result;
}
-(void) copyUIPropertiesTo:(UIView *)view
{
// reflection did not work to get those lists, so I hardcoded them
// any suggestions are welcome here
NSArray *properties =
[NSArray arrayWithObjects: @"frame",@"bounds", @"center", @"transform", @"contentScaleFactor", @"multipleTouchEnabled", @"exclusiveTouch", @"autoresizesSubviews", @"autoresizingMask", @"clipsToBounds", @"backgroundColor", @"alpha", @"opaque", @"clearsContextBeforeDrawing", @"hidden", @"contentMode", @"contentStretch", nil];
// some getters have 'is' prefix
NSArray *getters =
[NSArray arrayWithObjects: @"frame", @"bounds", @"center", @"transform", @"contentScaleFactor", @"isMultipleTouchEnabled", @"isExclusiveTouch", @"autoresizesSubviews", @"autoresizingMask", @"clipsToBounds", @"backgroundColor", @"alpha", @"isOpaque", @"clearsContextBeforeDrawing", @"isHidden", @"contentMode", @"contentStretch", nil];
for (int i=0; i<[properties count]; i++)
{
NSString * propertyName = [properties objectAtIndex:i];
NSString * getter = [getters objectAtIndex:i];
SEL getPropertySelector = NSSelectorFromString(getter);
NSString *setterSelectorName =
[propertyName stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0,1) withString:[[propertyName substringToIndex:1] capitalizedString]];
setterSelectorName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"set%@:", setterSelectorName];
SEL setPropertySelector = NSSelectorFromString(setterSelectorName);
if ([self respondsToSelector:getPropertySelector] && [view respondsToSelector:setPropertySelector])
{
NSObject * propertyValue = [self valueForKey:propertyName];
[view setValue:propertyValue forKey:propertyName];
}
}
}
答案 2 :(得分:0)
还有另一种方法可以做到这一点:
说你在View1
中使用了Interface Builder
,然后你创建了另一个名为View2
的视图,View2
有一个相应的View2.xib
文件,你已经链接了View2.m
和View2.xib
中的商店。
然后,在View1.m
中,写下:
-(void)awakeFromNib
{
NSArray *topObjects = [[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed:NSStringFromClass([self class]) owner:nil options:nil];
self.subContentView = topObjects.firstObject]
[self addSubview:self.subContentView];
}
有了这个,您可以在需要将自定义视图放入View1
的地方使用Interface Builder
,从而在View1
中重复使用Interface Builder
,而无需再编写代码