如何在IF...THEN
声明中执行SQL SELECT
?
例如:
SELECT IF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y' ? 1 : 0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
答案 0 :(得分:1608)
CASE
语句最接近SQL中的IF,并且在所有版本的SQL Server上都受支持
SELECT CAST(
CASE
WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END AS bit) as Saleable, *
FROM Product
如果您希望将结果作为布尔值,则只需执行CAST
,如果您对int
感到满意,则可以使用:
SELECT CASE
WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END as Saleable, *
FROM Product
CASE
语句可以嵌入到其他CASE
语句中,甚至可以包含在聚合中。
SQL Server Denali(SQL Server 2012)添加IIF语句,该语句也可在access中找到:(由Martin Smith指出)
SELECT IIF(Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y', 1, 0) as Saleable, * FROM Product
答案 1 :(得分:307)
在这种情况下,case语句是你的朋友,并采用以下两种形式之一:
简单的案例:
SELECT CASE <variable> WHEN <value> THEN <returnvalue>
WHEN <othervalue> THEN <returnthis>
ELSE <returndefaultcase>
END AS <newcolumnname>
FROM <table>
扩展案例:
SELECT CASE WHEN <test> THEN <returnvalue>
WHEN <othertest> THEN <returnthis>
ELSE <returndefaultcase>
END AS <newcolumnname>
FROM <table>
你甚至可以将case语句放在order by子句中,以便进行真正的花哨排序。
答案 2 :(得分:245)
从SQL Server 2012开始,您可以使用IIF
function。
SELECT IIF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y', 1, 0) AS Salable, *
FROM Product
这实际上只是写CASE
的简写(尽管不是标准的SQL)方式。
与扩展的CASE
版本相比,我更喜欢简洁。
IIF()
和CASE
都解析为SQL语句中的表达式,并且只能在定义良好的位置使用。
CASE表达式不能用于控制执行流程 Transact-SQL语句,语句块,用户定义的函数和 存储过程。
如果这些限制无法满足您的需求(例如需要根据某些条件返回不同形状的结果集),那么SQL Server也会有一个程序IF
关键字。
IF @IncludeExtendedInformation = 1
BEGIN
SELECT A,B,C,X,Y,Z
FROM T
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SELECT A,B,C
FROM T
END
Care must sometimes be taken to avoid parameter sniffing issues with this approach however.
答案 3 :(得分:83)
你可以在 The Power of SQL CASE Statements 中找到一些不错的例子,我认为你可以使用的语句是这样的(来自4guysfromrolla):
SELECT
FirstName, LastName,
Salary, DOB,
CASE Gender
WHEN 'M' THEN 'Male'
WHEN 'F' THEN 'Female'
END
FROM Employees
答案 4 :(得分:74)
使用CASE。这样的事情。
SELECT Salable =
CASE Obsolete
WHEN 'N' THEN 1
ELSE 0
END
答案 5 :(得分:47)
SELECT
(CASE
WHEN (Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y') THEN 'YES'
ELSE 'NO'
END) as Salable
, *
FROM Product
答案 6 :(得分:44)
SELECT
CASE
WHEN OBSOLETE = 'N' or InStock = 'Y' THEN 'TRUE'
ELSE 'FALSE'
END AS Salable,
*
FROM PRODUCT
答案 7 :(得分:43)
通过此link,我们可以了解IF THEN ELSE
中的T-SQL
:
IF EXISTS(SELECT *
FROM Northwind.dbo.Customers
WHERE CustomerId = 'ALFKI')
PRINT 'Need to update Customer Record ALFKI'
ELSE
PRINT 'Need to add Customer Record ALFKI'
IF EXISTS(SELECT *
FROM Northwind.dbo.Customers
WHERE CustomerId = 'LARSE')
PRINT 'Need to update Customer Record LARSE'
ELSE
PRINT 'Need to add Customer Record LARSE'
这对T-SQL来说不够好吗?
答案 8 :(得分:42)
Microsoft SQL Server(T-SQL)
在选择使用中:
select case when Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y' then 'YES' else 'NO' end
在where子句中,使用:
where 1 = case when Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y' then 1 else 0 end
答案 9 :(得分:30)
SQL Server中的简单if-else语句:
DECLARE @val INT;
SET @val = 15;
IF @val < 25
PRINT 'Hi Ravi Anand';
ELSE
PRINT 'By Ravi Anand.';
GO
sql server中的嵌套If ... else语句 -
DECLARE @val INT;
SET @val = 15;
IF @val < 25
PRINT 'Hi Ravi Anand.';
ELSE
BEGIN
IF @val < 50
PRINT 'what''s up?';
ELSE
PRINT 'Bye Ravi Anand.';
END;
GO
答案 10 :(得分:24)
使用CASE声明:
SELECT CASE
WHEN (Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y')
THEN 'Y'
ELSE 'N'
END as Available
etc...
答案 11 :(得分:24)
使用纯位逻辑:
DECLARE @Product TABLE (
id INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY NOT NULL
,Obsolote CHAR(1)
,Instock CHAR(1)
)
INSERT INTO @Product ([Obsolote], [Instock])
VALUES ('N', 'N'), ('N', 'Y'), ('Y', 'Y'), ('Y', 'N')
;
WITH cte
AS
(
SELECT
'CheckIfInstock' = CAST(ISNULL(NULLIF(ISNULL(NULLIF(p.[Instock], 'Y'), 1), 'N'), 0) AS BIT)
,'CheckIfObsolote' = CAST(ISNULL(NULLIF(ISNULL(NULLIF(p.[Obsolote], 'N'), 0), 'Y'), 1) AS BIT)
,*
FROM
@Product AS p
)
SELECT
'Salable' = c.[CheckIfInstock] & ~c.[CheckIfObsolote]
,*
FROM
[cte] c
请参阅working demo: IF THEN WITHOUT CASE IN MSSQL
首先,您需要为所选条件计算true
和false
的值。这里有两个NULLIF:
for true: ISNULL(NULLIF(p.[Instock], 'Y'), 1)
for false: ISNULL(NULLIF(p.[Instock], 'N'), 0)
组合在一起得1或0.接下来使用bitwise operators。
这是WYSIWYG方法最多的。
答案 12 :(得分:24)
SQL Server 2012中添加了一项新功能IIF(我们可以简单地使用):
SELECT IIF ( (Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y'), 1, 0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
答案 13 :(得分:19)
SELECT 1 AS Saleable, *
FROM @Product
WHERE ( Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y' )
UNION
SELECT 0 AS Saleable, *
FROM @Product
WHERE NOT ( Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y' )
答案 14 :(得分:14)
case statement some what similar to if in SQL server
SELECT CASE
WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END as Saleable, *
FROM Product
答案 15 :(得分:13)
这不是一个答案,只是我工作中使用的CASE语句的一个例子。它有一个嵌套的CASE语句。现在你知道为什么我的眼睛交叉了。
CASE orweb2.dbo.Inventory.RegulatingAgencyName
WHEN 'Region 1'
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactState
WHEN 'Region 2'
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactState
WHEN 'Region 3'
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactState
WHEN 'DEPT OF AGRICULTURE'
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactAg
ELSE (
CASE orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.IsContract
WHEN 1
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactCounty
ELSE orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactState
END
)
END AS [County Contact Name]
答案 16 :(得分:12)
如果您是第一次将结果插入表中,而不是将结果从一个表传输到另一个表,则可以在Oracle 11.2g中使用:
INSERT INTO customers (last_name, first_name, city)
SELECT 'Doe', 'John', 'Chicago' FROM dual
WHERE NOT EXISTS
(SELECT '1' from customers
where last_name = 'Doe'
and first_name = 'John'
and city = 'Chicago');
答案 17 :(得分:10)
作为CASE
语句的替代解决方案,可以使用表驱动方法。
DECLARE @Product TABLE (ID INT, Obsolete VARCHAR(10), InStock VARCHAR(10))
INSERT INTO @Product VALUES
(1,'N','Y'),
(2,'A','B'),
(3,'N','B'),
(4,'A','Y')
SELECT P.* , ISNULL(Stmt.Saleable,0) Saleable
FROM
@Product P
LEFT JOIN
( VALUES
( 'N', 'Y', 1 )
) Stmt (Obsolete, InStock, Saleable)
ON P.InStock = Stmt.InStock OR P.Obsolete = Stmt.Obsolete
结果:
ID Obsolete InStock Saleable
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
1 N Y 1
2 A B 0
3 N B 1
4 A Y 1
答案 18 :(得分:9)
SELECT CASE WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y' THEN 1 ELSE 0
END AS Saleable, *
FROM Product
答案 19 :(得分:7)
SELECT IIF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y',1,0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
答案 20 :(得分:6)
对于使用SQL Server 2012的用户,IIF是一个已添加的功能,可作为Case语句的替代方案。
SELECT IIF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y', 1, 0) AS Salable, *
FROM Product
答案 21 :(得分:4)
使用SQL CASE就像普通的If / Else语句一样。 在下面的查询中,如果过时的值='N'或如果InStock的值='Y',则输出将为1。否则,输出将为0。 然后,将该0或1值放入“可销售列”下。
SELECT
CASE
WHEN obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END AS Salable
, *
FROM PRODUCT
答案 22 :(得分:3)
要实现此目标,您有两种选择:
1)使用从SQL 2012引入的IIF:
SELECT IIF ( (Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y'), 1, 0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
2)使用Select Case:
SELECT CASE
WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END as Saleable, *
FROM Product
答案 23 :(得分:2)
问题:
SELECT IF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y' ? 1 : 0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
ANSI:
Select
case when p.Obsolete = 'N'
or p.InStock = 'Y' then 1 else 0 end as Saleable,
p.*
FROM
Product p;
使用别名-在这种情况下使用p
-将有助于防止出现问题。
答案 24 :(得分:2)
会是这样的:
SELECT OrderID, Quantity,
CASE
WHEN Quantity > 30 THEN "The quantity is greater than 30"
WHEN Quantity = 30 THEN "The quantity is 30"
ELSE "The quantity is under 30"
END AS QuantityText
FROM OrderDetails;
答案 25 :(得分:2)
我喜欢使用CASE语句,但是这个问题要求在SQL Select中输入IF语句。我过去使用过的是:
SELECT
if(GENDER = "M","Male","Female") as Gender
FROM ...
就像excel或工作表IF语句一样,先有条件,然后是真条件,然后是假条件:
if(condition, true, false)
此外,您可以嵌套if语句(但随后应使用CASE:-)
(注意:这在MySQLWorkbench中有效,但在其他平台上可能无效)
答案 26 :(得分:1)
SELECT
CAST(
CASE WHEN Obsolete = 'N'
or InStock = 'Y' THEN ELSE 0 END AS bit
) as Saleable, *
FROM
Product
答案 27 :(得分:1)
出于完整性考虑,我要补充一点,SQL使用三值逻辑。表达式:
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可能会产生三个不同的结果:
obsolete = 'N' OR instock = 'Y'
因此,例如,如果某产品已过时,但您不知道该产品是否有库存,则您不知道该产品是否可销售。您可以按如下所示编写此三值逻辑:
| obsolete | instock | saleable |
|----------|---------|----------|
| Y | Y | true |
| Y | N | false |
| Y | null | null |
| N | Y | true |
| N | N | true |
| N | null | true |
| null | Y | true |
| null | N | null |
| null | null | null |
弄清楚它是如何工作的,可以通过确定null的行为将三个结果转换为两个结果。例如。这会将null视为不可售:
SELECT CASE
WHEN obsolete = 'N' OR instock = 'Y' THEN 'true'
WHEN NOT (obsolete = 'N' OR instock = 'Y') THEN 'false'
ELSE NULL
END AS saleable
答案 28 :(得分:1)
您可以使用案例声明:
Select
Case WHEN (Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END Saleable,
Product.*
from Product
答案 29 :(得分:1)
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