Question

如何从父目录的父目录的子目录导入文件？我知道这没有意义，所以让我解释一下。我想将文件test.py导入文件example.py。

这是目录结构：

directory1 
+-- directory2
    +-- test.py
+-- directory3
    +-- directory4
        +-- example.py

Answer 1

只需确保文件夹中还包含__init__.py，就可以将其作为软件包包含在内

Answer 2

您有多种选择：

就像评论说的那样，您可以使用完整路径： /home/User/directory1/directory2/test.py 将该文件映射到变量并使用。（请注意使用内置的像test这样的名称的python）
使用os.chdir并将目录更改为directory1的根目录，并调用directory2 / test.py
制作一个 init .py并将其与from [directory] import [module]

Answer 3

在每个目录，父目录和子目录内添加program putiff c This program is solely intended to read the data from the .tif files made by the CCD camera c PIXIS 1024F at beamline 1-BM at the Advanced Photon Source, so that they can be manipulated c in fortran. It is not a general .tif reader. c A little bit extra work may make this a reader for baseline .tif files,: some of the c information below may help with such an implementation. c c The PIXIS .tif file is written in hex with the little-endian convention. c The hex numbers have two 8-bit bytes. They are read with an integer(kind=2) declaration. c When describing an unsigned integer these cover numbers from 0 to 65535 (or 2**16-1). c For the PIXIS files the first two bytes are the decimal number 18761. The TIFF6 specification c gives them as a hexadecimal number (0x4949 for a little-endian convention, 4D4D for the c big-endian convention. The PIXIS files are little-endian. c c The next two bytes should be 42 decimal, and 0x2A. c c The next 4 bytes give the byte offset for the first image file directory (IFD) that contains c all the other information needed to understand how the .tif files are put together. c This number should be read together as a 4 byte integer (kind=4). These (unsigned) integers c go from 0 to 2**32-1, or 4294967295: this is the maximum file length for a .tif file. c For the PIXIS this number is 2097160, or 0x200008: in between are the image date for the c PIXIS's 1024x1024 pixels, each with a two-byte gray range from 0 to 2**16-1 (or 65535 decimal). c Therefore the PIXIS image can be read without understanding the IFD. c c The line right below the hex representation gives the byte order, for the c little-endian convention indicated by two first bytes. It's 4949 for little-endian, c in both the first and in the second byte separately. The byte order is then least importan c part first; with two bytes together, it is byte by byte. For big-endian it is 4D4D. c c One way to confirm all this information is to look at the files c with a binary editor (linux has xxd) or a binary editor (linux has hexedit). c For the PIXIS image .tif file, the first 8 bytes in hexedit are indeed: c 49 49 2A 00 08 00 20 00 c For a little-endian file, the bytes are read from the least important to the c most important within the two-byte number, like this: c 49 49 2A 00 08 00 20 00 c (34 12) (34 12) (78 56 34 12) c Here the byte order is indicated below the numbers. The second two-byte number is c therefore 2+2*16+0*256+0*4096, or 42. Likewise, the last 4-byte number is 0x00200008. c c (When the individual byte are read in binary (with 'xxd -b -l 100') this gives c for the hexadecimals 49 49 2A 00 08 00 20 00 c binary 01001001 01001001 00101010 00000000 00001000 00000000 00100000 00000000 c in ASCII I I * . . . . . ) c After the PIXIS data comes the so-called IFD (Image File Directory). c These contain 209 bytes. They mean something, but what I do not know. I printed them c out one by one at the end of the program. Perhaps they are better read in two-byte units c (right now they are read as 'integer(kind=1); integer(kind=2) may be better). But, then c there's an odd number so you have to read one separately. c I want to know these only because I want to use the same .tif format to c write the results of rctopo (the max, the COM, the FWHM, and the spread). c I know what's in the first 8 bytes, and what the data are, so I can just c copy the ifd at the end and count on getting a good .tif file back. c It's sort of stupid, but it should work. use iso_fortran_env implicit logical (A-Z) integer :: j,jmin,jmax integer :: k,kmin,kmax integer :: ifdlength data jmin,kmin/1,1,/ parameter(jmax=1024,kmax=1024) parameter(ifdlength=209) c 8-byte header that starts the PIXIS data file integer (kind=2) :: tifh12,tifh34 ! each two (8-bit) bytes integer (kind=4) :: tifh5678 ! 4 bytes c open and read the file now that you have the correct file name in the sequence open(newunit=unt,file='tiff_file,access='stream',iostat=ios) if (ios /= 0) then ; call problem(ios,'read_in_samples'); end if read (unt) tifh12,tifh34,tifh5678,greyread,ifd close (unt) stop end文件

__init__.py

parent/
    __init__.py
    package_1/
        __init__.py
    package_2/
        __init__.py
    package_3/
        __init__.py

如果不起作用，请尝试配置from parent.package_1 import ....，以防 IDE （如 PyCharm ），在运行/调试配置中会有一个标记（复选框）

或者您可以使用PYTHONPATH

将模块添加到默认路径

sys.path.insert(...)

您可以使用import sys sys.path.insert(0, module_full_path)

检查路径

Answer 4

您在这里= ^ .. ^ =

from pathlib import Path
import sys

path = Path(__file__).parents
sys.path.append(str(path[2] / 'directory2'))
import test

Python：如何从父目录的父目录的子目录导入文件？

4 个答案: