我正试图了解标题中提到的两个文件。 我抬头看了些什么东西;但是,我无法理解如何从中提取有用的信息(或者我只是以错误的方式接近它)。
让我解释一下:页面地图是一个相当新的“特征”伪文件,它包含分配给当前[pid]的虚拟页面的物理帧信息。也就是说,给定一个从地址x开始的虚拟页面,比如用于虚拟地址开始的'vas',我可以使用vas索引页面映射文件以获得映射的物理页面帧的64位。这些位包含有关该虚拟页面的信息。 然而,当我提取这些位并进行一些移动时,我迷失了我所看到的东西。
这些位表示如下:0-54是页面帧号,55-60是页面移位,第63位是当前位,还有其他位对我不感兴趣。 在使用来自/ proc / [pid] / maps的vas地址进行一些映射之后,似乎几乎每个进程的页面都被交换,即第63位始终为零。 :(
我想问题是,如何有效地使用页面地图获取/ proc / [pid] / maps
给出的地址的等效物理地址公平地说,我发布了一个类似的问题,但几天之前的方法有点不同。
如果有人能对这件事情有所了解,我将非常感激。
=== EDIT ===
要解决以下评论: 我正在从/ proc / [pid] / maps读取一行,其行如下:
00400000-00401000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 8915461 / home / janjust / my_programs / shared_mem 7ffffef1b000-7ffffef3c000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
然后我将提取它接触的虚拟页面数并索引二进制文件/ proc / [pid] / pagemaps,对于每个虚拟页面,我可以提取它所分配的物理页面。
输出如下:
00400000-00401000 r-xp 00000000 08:01 8915461 / home / janjust / my_programs / shared_mem num_pages:1 :86000000001464C6
虚拟范围内每个虚拟页面的一个物理地址。
读取行和提取物理地址的代码是:
74 /* process /proc/pid/maps, by line*/
75 while(fgets(line, 256, in_map) != NULL){
76 unsigned long vas;
77 unsigned long vae;
78 int num_pages;
79
80 //print line
81 printf("%s", line);
82
83 /*scan for the virtual addresses*/
84 n = sscanf(line, "%lX-%lX", &vas, &vae);
85 if(n != 2){
86 printf("Involid line read from %s\n",maps);
87 continue;
88 }
89
90 num_pages = (vae - vas) / PAGE_SIZE;
91 printf("num_pages: %d\n", num_pages);
92
93 if(num_pages > 0){
94 long index = (vas / PAGE_SIZE) * sizeof(unsigned long long);
95 off64_t o;
96 ssize_t t;
97
98 /* seek to index in pagemaps */
99 o = lseek64(pm, index, SEEK_SET);
100 if (o != index){
101 printf("Error seeking to o:%ld, index:%ld.\n", o, index);
102 }
103
104 /* map the virtual to physical page */
105 while(num_pages > 0){
106 unsigned long long pa;
107
108 /* Read a 64-bit word from each pagemap file... */
109 t = read(pm, &pa, sizeof(unsigned long long));
110 if(t < 0){
111 printf("Error reading file \"%s\" \n", page_map);
112 goto next_line;
113 }
114 printf(": %016llX\n", pa);
然而,虽然我认为我得到了正确的输出,但索引似乎是类型不匹配或其他正在发生的事情: 例如,对于map中的[shared mem]行,输出表示错误的索引;但我仍然能够扫描二进制文件并获取物理页面地址。
该输出的示例如下:
969 7f7f08d58000-7f7f08d59000 rw-s 00000000 00:04 0 /SYSV00003039 (deleted)
970 num_pages: 1
971 Error seeking to o:-1081840960, index:273796065984.
972 : 8600000000148267
好的,现在,最后我应该说这是在64位操作系统下,这个问题不会在32位操作系统中持续存在。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
Oooh K,索引是正确的,但是将off64_t o(8bytes)与长索引进行比较是在解释o错误因此我得到了那个错误。 哈!这是一个愚蠢的错误。 因此,添加适当的标题可以解决这个问题。
缺少标题: - / 叹息修复了将off64_t与无符号长整数进行比较的问题。
答案 1 :(得分:3)
/proc/<pid>/pagemap
+ /proc/<pid>/maps
转储示例程序
以下是一个pagemap
示例,它将虚拟地址转换为物理地址:Is there any API for determining the physical address from virtual address in Linux
以下程序使用/proc/<pid>/pagemap
+ /proc/<pid>/maps
转储页表信息以显示它们如何一起使用。用法:
sudo ./pagemap_dump.out <pid>
示例输出:
addr pfn soft-dirty file/shared swapped present library
400000 12845d 0 1 0 1 /bin/bash
401000 12845e 0 1 0 1 /bin/bash
402000 12845f 0 1 0 1 /bin/bash
这告诉我们,例如虚拟地址0x400000
映射到物理地址
0x12845d000
。
这个程序分两步进行:
解析来自/proc/<pid>/maps
的人类可读线条。此文件包含以下行格式:
7ffff7b6d000-7ffff7bdd000 r-xp 00000000 fe:00 658 /lib/libuClibc-1.0.22.so
给了我们:
7f8af99f8000-7f8af99ff000
:属于进程的虚拟地址范围,可能包含多个页面。/lib/libuClibc-1.0.22.so
拥有该内存的库的名称。循环遍历每个地址范围的每个页面,并询问/proc/<pid>/pagemap
以获取有关该页面的更多信息,包括物理地址。
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
typedef struct {
uint64_t pfn : 54;
unsigned int soft_dirty : 1;
unsigned int file_page : 1;
unsigned int swapped : 1;
unsigned int present : 1;
} PagemapEntry;
/* Parse the pagemap entry for the given virtual address.
*
* @param[out] entry the parsed entry
* @param[in] pagemap_fd file descriptor to an open /proc/pid/pagemap file
* @param[in] vaddr virtual address to get entry for
* @return 0 for success, 1 for failure
*/
int pagemap_get_entry(PagemapEntry *entry, int pagemap_fd, uintptr_t vaddr)
{
size_t nread;
ssize_t ret;
uint64_t data;
nread = 0;
while (nread < sizeof(data)) {
ret = pread(pagemap_fd, &data, sizeof(data),
(vaddr / sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE)) * sizeof(data) + nread);
nread += ret;
if (ret <= 0) {
return 1;
}
}
entry->pfn = data & (((uint64_t)1 << 54) - 1);
entry->soft_dirty = (data >> 54) & 1;
entry->file_page = (data >> 61) & 1;
entry->swapped = (data >> 62) & 1;
entry->present = (data >> 63) & 1;
return 0;
}
/* Convert the given virtual address to physical using /proc/PID/pagemap.
*
* @param[out] paddr physical address
* @param[in] pid process to convert for
* @param[in] vaddr virtual address to get entry for
* @return 0 for success, 1 for failure
*/
int virt_to_phys_user(uintptr_t *paddr, pid_t pid, uintptr_t vaddr)
{
char pagemap_file[BUFSIZ];
int pagemap_fd;
snprintf(pagemap_file, sizeof(pagemap_file), "/proc/%ju/pagemap", (uintmax_t)pid);
pagemap_fd = open(pagemap_file, O_RDONLY);
if (pagemap_fd < 0) {
return 1;
}
PagemapEntry entry;
if (pagemap_get_entry(&entry, pagemap_fd, vaddr)) {
return 1;
}
close(pagemap_fd);
*paddr = (entry.pfn * sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE)) + (vaddr % sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE));
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char buffer[BUFSIZ];
char maps_file[BUFSIZ];
char pagemap_file[BUFSIZ];
int maps_fd;
int offset = 0;
int pagemap_fd;
pid_t pid;
if (argc < 2) {
printf("Usage: %s pid\n", argv[0]);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
pid = strtoull(argv[1], NULL, 0);
snprintf(maps_file, sizeof(maps_file), "/proc/%ju/maps", (uintmax_t)pid);
snprintf(pagemap_file, sizeof(pagemap_file), "/proc/%ju/pagemap", (uintmax_t)pid);
maps_fd = open(maps_file, O_RDONLY);
if (maps_fd < 0) {
perror("open maps");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
pagemap_fd = open(pagemap_file, O_RDONLY);
if (pagemap_fd < 0) {
perror("open pagemap");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
printf("addr pfn soft-dirty file/shared swapped present library\n");
for (;;) {
ssize_t length = read(maps_fd, buffer + offset, sizeof buffer - offset);
if (length <= 0) break;
length += offset;
for (size_t i = offset; i < (size_t)length; i++) {
uintptr_t low = 0, high = 0;
if (buffer[i] == '\n' && i) {
const char *lib_name;
size_t y;
/* Parse a line from maps. Each line contains a range that contains many pages. */
{
size_t x = i - 1;
while (x && buffer[x] != '\n') x--;
if (buffer[x] == '\n') x++;
while (buffer[x] != '-' && x < sizeof buffer) {
char c = buffer[x++];
low *= 16;
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
low += c - '0';
} else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
low += c - 'a' + 10;
} else {
break;
}
}
while (buffer[x] != '-' && x < sizeof buffer) x++;
if (buffer[x] == '-') x++;
while (buffer[x] != ' ' && x < sizeof buffer) {
char c = buffer[x++];
high *= 16;
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
high += c - '0';
} else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
high += c - 'a' + 10;
} else {
break;
}
}
lib_name = 0;
for (int field = 0; field < 4; field++) {
x++;
while(buffer[x] != ' ' && x < sizeof buffer) x++;
}
while (buffer[x] == ' ' && x < sizeof buffer) x++;
y = x;
while (buffer[y] != '\n' && y < sizeof buffer) y++;
buffer[y] = 0;
lib_name = buffer + x;
}
/* Get info about all pages in this page range with pagemap. */
{
PagemapEntry entry;
for (uintptr_t addr = low; addr < high; addr += sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE)) {
/* TODO always fails for the last page (vsyscall), why? pread returns 0. */
if (!pagemap_get_entry(&entry, pagemap_fd, addr)) {
printf("%jx %jx %u %u %u %u %s\n",
(uintmax_t)addr,
(uintmax_t)entry.pfn,
entry.soft_dirty,
entry.file_page,
entry.swapped,
entry.present,
lib_name
);
}
}
}
buffer[y] = '\n';
}
}
}
close(maps_fd);
close(pagemap_fd);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
答案 2 :(得分:1)
使用page-types.c作为您所寻找内容的指南,它解析了pagemap和maps的内容: https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git/plain/Documentation/vm/page-types.c?h=linux-2.6.32.y