Question

我想递归地在目录“ x”中查找文件类型“ y”，不包括子目录“ m”并将文件复制到子目录“ m”

我正在尝试

$TargetDir = read-host "Please enter target Dir"
$sourceDir = read-host "Please enter source Dir" 
$format = read-host "Format to look for" 
Get-ChildItem -Path $sourceDir -Recurse -Filter $format | where  FullName -Not -Like $TargetDir | 
Copy-Item -Destination $TargetDir

Answer 1

您最好尝试使用foreach循环。这是搜索照片和视频的示例。

# Making an array of all files from Get-ChildItem
$searchItems = Get-ChildItem -Path $sourceDir -Recurse -Include *.mp4,*.jpg,*.jpeg | where  FullName -notlike $TargetDir
# Copy files one by one in cycle
foreach($currentFile in $searchItems) {
  Copy-Item -Path $currentFile.Fullname -Destination $TargetDir
}

Answer 2

我想通了，但是要解释一些事情真是太好了代码：

   $TargetDir = read-host "Please enter target Dir"
   $sourceDir = read-host "Please enter source Dir"
   $format = read-host "Format to look for"
   $folders = Get-ChildItem -Path $sourceDir -Recurse -filter $format | Where 
   {($_.PSIsContainer) -and ($TargetDir -notcontains $_.Name)}
   foreach ($f in $folders){
   Write-Host "These Files will be copied: $f"
   Copy-Item - path $sourceDir$f -Destination $TargetDir\$f -Recure -Force}

我不明白：

  Where {($_.PSIsContainer) -and ($TargetDir -notcontains $_.Name)}

为什么

Write-Host "These Files will be copied: $f"

运行时不显示

Answer 3

这个...

[写主机“这些文件将被复制：$ f”]

...是因为您正在执行此操作，所以这是一个循环，并且Write-Host清除缓冲区。除了需要彩色屏幕输出时，Write-Host几乎没有用。好吧，除了某些格式化用例。通常只是不使用它。甚至PowerShell的作者也这么说。

除非另有说明，否则输出到屏幕是PowerShell的默认设置。 Write-Host的更好选择是Write-Output或Out-Host或Tee-Object。查看帮助文件的详细信息。

Get-ChildItem有多个开关，如果您只想要目录，那么可以使用一个开关，并且-Exclude很好。

# Get specifics for a module, cmdlet, or function
(Get-Command -Name Get-ChildItem).Parameters
(Get-Command -Name Get-ChildItem).Parameters.Keys
# Results
<#
...
Exclude
...
Directory --- (This is what that $_.PSIsContainer/$PSItem.PSIsContainer this is doing, but that is legacy stuff.)
...
#>
Get-help -Name Get-ChildItem -Examples
Get-help -Name Get-ChildItem -Full
Get-help -Name Get-ChildItem -Online

About Objects --- Objects in Pipelines

因此...

# Get directory names only and return only the full UNC
(Get-ChildItem -Directory -Path 'D:\SourceFolder'-Recurse).FullName
# Results
<#
D:\SourceFolder\est
D:\SourceFolder\here
D:\SourceFolder\hold
D:\SourceFolder\TargetFolder
#>

# Just like the above, but exclude the TargetFolder
(Get-ChildItem -Directory -Path 'D:\SourceFolder' -Exclude 'TargetFolder' -Recurse).FullName
# Results
<#
D:\SourceFolder\est
D:\SourceFolder\here
D:\SourceFolder\hold
#>

因此，对代码进行少量重构。

# Recursively get all text files, in all directories, except one for copy action
Get-ChildItem -Path 'D:\SourceFolder' -Filter '*.txt' -Exclude 'TargetFolder' -Recurse |
ForEach { 
    "These Files will be copied: $($PSItem.FullName)"

    # Remove the -whatIf for the actual run.
    Copy-Item -Path $PSItem.FullName -Destination 'D:\SourceFolder\TargetFolder' -Recurse -WhatIf 
}
# Results
<#
These Files will be copied: D:\SourceFolder\here\mytest - Copy.txt
What if: Performing the operation "Copy File" on target "Item: D:\SourceFolder\here\mytest - Copy.txt Destination: D:\SourceFolder\TargetFolder\mytest - Copy.txt".
These Files will be copied: D:\SourceFolder\here\mytest.txt
What if: Performing the operation "Copy File" on target "Item: D:\SourceFolder\here\mytest.txt Destination: D:\SourceFolder\TargetFolder\mytest.txt".
These Files will be copied: D:\SourceFolder\hold\awél.txt
What if: Performing the operation "Copy File" on target "Item: D:\SourceFolder\hold\awél.txt Destination: D:\SourceFolder\TargetFolder\awél.txt".
#>

当然，您需要调整以上内容才能使用您的变量，并删除所有注释。发表评论是一件好事，但过度评论与评论不足或评论不佳/无法理解一样糟糕。所有这些都有各自的偏好。

我的规则：

不要评论显而易见的地方，代码在这里说明一切。
仅当您知道或记得时才使用速记材料。
使用简单明了的本地化语言编写。
为不认识您或速记员的人写信，并会跟随您或可能使用/查看您的代码的人；谁可以并且经常是这个东西的新手。

我想从递归搜索和复制中排除子文件夹

3 个答案: