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我看到了一个应用程序，一个SVN Visual Studio插件，当它崩溃时显示了一个漂亮的可读堆栈跟踪。

我很乐意将其添加到我的应用程序中。我该如何提供？没有电子邮件的信息，只需一个视觉显示即可。

Answer 1

必要代码的核心是StackWalk64。要从中获得更多，您还需要/需要使用SymGetSymFromAddr64（需要SymLoadModule64）和（可能）SymGetLineFromAddr64和GetThreadContext来获取符号名称。如果目标是用C ++编写的，那么您可能还想使用UnDecorateSymbolName。除此之外，您还需要一些辅助工具，例如SymInitialize，SymCleanup，可能还需要SymSetOptions。

这是一个相当小的演示。它产生的堆栈转储比美丽更实用，但可能有了堆栈跟踪的基础知识，你可以按照你认为合适的方式显示结果：

#include <windows.h>
#include <winnt.h>

#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <Psapi.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <iterator>

#pragma comment(lib, "psapi.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "dbghelp.lib")

// Some versions of imagehlp.dll lack the proper packing directives themselves
// so we need to do it.
#pragma pack( push, before_imagehlp, 8 )
#include <imagehlp.h>
#pragma pack( pop, before_imagehlp )

struct module_data {
    std::string image_name;
    std::string module_name;
    void *base_address;
    DWORD load_size;
};
typedef std::vector<module_data> ModuleList;

HANDLE thread_ready;

bool show_stack(std::ostream &, HANDLE hThread, CONTEXT& c);
DWORD __stdcall TargetThread( void *arg );
void ThreadFunc1();
void ThreadFunc2();
DWORD Filter( EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ep );
void *load_modules_symbols( HANDLE hProcess, DWORD pid );

int main( void ) {
    DWORD thread_id;

    thread_ready = CreateEvent( NULL, false, false, NULL );

    HANDLE thread = CreateThread( NULL, 0, TargetThread, NULL, 0, &thread_id );

    WaitForSingleObject( thread_ready, INFINITE );
    CloseHandle(thread_ready);
    return 0;
}

// if you use C++ exception handling: install a translator function
// with set_se_translator(). In the context of that function (but *not*
// afterwards), you can either do your stack dump, or save the CONTEXT
// record as a local copy. Note that you must do the stack dump at the
// earliest opportunity, to avoid the interesting stack-frames being gone
// by the time you do the dump.
DWORD Filter(EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ep) {
    HANDLE thread;

    DuplicateHandle(GetCurrentProcess(), GetCurrentThread(),
        GetCurrentProcess(), &thread, 0, false, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS);
    std::cout << "Walking stack.";
    show_stack(std::cout, thread, *(ep->ContextRecord));
    std::cout << "\nEnd of stack walk.\n";
    CloseHandle(thread);

    return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
}

void ThreadFunc2() {
    __try { DebugBreak(); }
    __except (Filter(GetExceptionInformation())) {  }
    SetEvent(thread_ready);
}

void ThreadFunc1(void (*f)()) {
    f();
}

// We'll do a few levels of calls from our thread function so 
//     there's something on the stack to walk...
//
DWORD __stdcall TargetThread(void *) {
    ThreadFunc1(ThreadFunc2);
    return 0;
}

class SymHandler { 
    HANDLE p;
public:
    SymHandler(HANDLE process, char const *path=NULL, bool intrude = false) : p(process) { 
        if (!SymInitialize(p, path, intrude)) 
            throw(std::logic_error("Unable to initialize symbol handler"));
    }
    ~SymHandler() { SymCleanup(p); }
};

#ifdef _M_X64
STACKFRAME64 init_stack_frame(CONTEXT c) {
    STACKFRAME64 s;
    s.AddrPC.Offset = c.Rip;
    s.AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
    s.AddrStack.Offset = c.Rsp;
    s.AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat;    
    s.AddrFrame.Offset = c.Rbp;
    s.AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
    return s;
}
#else
STACKFRAME64 init_stack_frame(CONTEXT c) {
    STACKFRAME64 s;
    s.AddrPC.Offset = c.Eip;
    s.AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
    s.AddrStack.Offset = c.Esp;
    s.AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat;    
    s.AddrFrame.Offset = c.Ebp;
    s.AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
    return s;
}
#endif

void sym_options(DWORD add, DWORD remove=0) {
    DWORD symOptions = SymGetOptions();
    symOptions |= add;
    symOptions &= ~remove;
    SymSetOptions(symOptions);
}

class symbol { 
    typedef IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL64 sym_type;
    sym_type *sym;
    static const int max_name_len = 1024;
public:
    symbol(HANDLE process, DWORD64 address) : sym((sym_type *)::operator new(sizeof(*sym) + max_name_len)) {
        memset(sym, '\0', sizeof(*sym) + max_name_len);
        sym->SizeOfStruct = sizeof(*sym);
        sym->MaxNameLength = max_name_len;
        DWORD64 displacement;

        if (!SymGetSymFromAddr64(process, address, &displacement, sym))
            throw(std::logic_error("Bad symbol"));
    }

    std::string name() { return std::string(sym->Name); }
    std::string undecorated_name() { 
        std::vector<char> und_name(max_name_len);
        UnDecorateSymbolName(sym->Name, &und_name[0], max_name_len, UNDNAME_COMPLETE);
        return std::string(&und_name[0], strlen(&und_name[0]));
    }
};

bool show_stack(std::ostream &os, HANDLE hThread, CONTEXT& c) {
    HANDLE process = GetCurrentProcess();
    int frame_number=0;
    DWORD offset_from_symbol=0;
    IMAGEHLP_LINE64 line = {0};

    SymHandler handler(process);

    sym_options(SYMOPT_LOAD_LINES | SYMOPT_UNDNAME);

    void *base = load_modules_symbols(process, GetCurrentProcessId());

    STACKFRAME64 s = init_stack_frame(c);

    line.SizeOfStruct = sizeof line;

    IMAGE_NT_HEADERS *h = ImageNtHeader(base);
    DWORD image_type = h->FileHeader.Machine;

    do {
        if (!StackWalk64(image_type, process, hThread, &s, &c, NULL, SymFunctionTableAccess64, SymGetModuleBase64, NULL))
            return false;

        os << std::setw(3) << "\n" << frame_number << "\t";
        if ( s.AddrPC.Offset != 0 ) {
            std::cout << symbol(process, s.AddrPC.Offset).undecorated_name();

            if (SymGetLineFromAddr64( process, s.AddrPC.Offset, &offset_from_symbol, &line ) ) 
                    os << "\t" << line.FileName << "(" << line.LineNumber << ")";
        }
        else
            os << "(No Symbols: PC == 0)";
        ++frame_number;
    } while (s.AddrReturn.Offset != 0);
    return true;
}

class get_mod_info {
    HANDLE process;
    static const int buffer_length = 4096;
public:
    get_mod_info(HANDLE h) : process(h) {}

    module_data operator()(HMODULE module) { 
        module_data ret;
        char temp[buffer_length];
        MODULEINFO mi;

        GetModuleInformation(process, module, &mi, sizeof(mi));
        ret.base_address = mi.lpBaseOfDll;
        ret.load_size = mi.SizeOfImage;

        GetModuleFileNameEx(process, module, temp, sizeof(temp));
        ret.image_name = temp;
        GetModuleBaseName(process, module, temp, sizeof(temp));
        ret.module_name = temp;
        std::vector<char> img(ret.image_name.begin(), ret.image_name.end());
        std::vector<char> mod(ret.module_name.begin(), ret.module_name.end());
        SymLoadModule64(process, 0, &img[0], &mod[0], (DWORD64)ret.base_address, ret.load_size);
        return ret;
    }
};

void *load_modules_symbols(HANDLE process, DWORD pid) {
    ModuleList modules;

    DWORD cbNeeded;
    std::vector<HMODULE> module_handles(1);

    EnumProcessModules(process, &module_handles[0], module_handles.size() * sizeof(HMODULE), &cbNeeded);
    module_handles.resize(cbNeeded/sizeof(HMODULE));
    EnumProcessModules(process, &module_handles[0], module_handles.size() * sizeof(HMODULE), &cbNeeded);

    std::transform(module_handles.begin(), module_handles.end(), std::back_inserter(modules), get_mod_info(process));
    return modules[0].base_address;
}

Answer 2

我修改了Jerry Coffin的代码，如下所示。修改：

一个。我总是错过了最重要的框架：实际触发异常的线。事实证明这是因为＆＃34;做＆＃34;循环移动到顶部而不是底部的下一帧。

B中。我删除了线程。

℃。我简化了一些。

你应该切断＆＃34; WinMain（）＆＃34;功能在底部，而不是把__try .. __except东西放在你自己的主要/ WinMain＆＃39;功能。同时替换“你的消息”＆＃39;使用您自己的功能显示消息框或通过电子邮件发送消息或其他任何内容。

符号信息存储在.pdb文件中，而不是.exe中。您需要为您的用户提供.pdb文件，并且您需要确保他们的进程可以找到它。查看下面代码中的字符串 - 将其替换为适用于用户的文件夹＆＃39; machine，或NULL - NULL表示它将在进程的当前工作目录中进行搜索。 .pdb文件必须在用户名称上具有完全相同的名称。运行编译器时的计算机 - 将其配置为不同的东西，请参阅＆＃34;属性＆gt;链接器＆gt;调试＆gt;生成程序数据库文件＆＃34;。

#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <Psapi.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>


// Thanks, Jerry Coffin.

#pragma comment(lib, "psapi.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "dbghelp.lib")

// Some versions of imagehlp.dll lack the proper packing directives themselves
// so we need to do it.
#pragma pack( push, before_imagehlp, 8 )
#include <imagehlp.h>
#pragma pack( pop, before_imagehlp )

struct module_data {
    std::string image_name;
    std::string module_name;
    void *base_address;
    DWORD load_size;
};


DWORD DumpStackTrace( EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ep );
extern void YourMessage(const char* title, const char *fmt, ...);// Replace this with your own function




class symbol { 
    typedef IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL64 sym_type;
    sym_type *sym;
    static const int max_name_len = 1024;

public:
    symbol(HANDLE process, DWORD64 address) : sym((sym_type *)::operator new(sizeof(*sym) + max_name_len)) {
        memset(sym, '\0', sizeof(*sym) + max_name_len);
        sym->SizeOfStruct = sizeof(*sym);
        sym->MaxNameLength = max_name_len;
        DWORD64 displacement;

        SymGetSymFromAddr64(process, address, &displacement, sym);
    }

    std::string name() { return std::string(sym->Name); }
    std::string undecorated_name() { 
        if (*sym->Name == '\0')
            return "<couldn't map PC to fn name>";
        std::vector<char> und_name(max_name_len);
        UnDecorateSymbolName(sym->Name, &und_name[0], max_name_len, UNDNAME_COMPLETE);
        return std::string(&und_name[0], strlen(&und_name[0]));
    }
};


class get_mod_info {
    HANDLE process;
    static const int buffer_length = 4096;
public:
    get_mod_info(HANDLE h) : process(h) {}

    module_data operator()(HMODULE module) { 
        module_data ret;
        char temp[buffer_length];
        MODULEINFO mi;

        GetModuleInformation(process, module, &mi, sizeof(mi));
        ret.base_address = mi.lpBaseOfDll;
        ret.load_size = mi.SizeOfImage;

        GetModuleFileNameEx(process, module, temp, sizeof(temp));
        ret.image_name = temp;
        GetModuleBaseName(process, module, temp, sizeof(temp));
        ret.module_name = temp;
        std::vector<char> img(ret.image_name.begin(), ret.image_name.end());
        std::vector<char> mod(ret.module_name.begin(), ret.module_name.end());
        SymLoadModule64(process, 0, &img[0], &mod[0], (DWORD64)ret.base_address, ret.load_size);
        return ret;
    }
};


// if you use C++ exception handling: install a translator function
// with set_se_translator(). In the context of that function (but *not*
// afterwards), you can either do your stack dump, or save the CONTEXT
// record as a local copy. Note that you must do the stack dump at the
// earliest opportunity, to avoid the interesting stack-frames being gone
// by the time you do the dump.
DWORD DumpStackTrace(EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ep) 
{
    HANDLE process = GetCurrentProcess();
    HANDLE hThread = GetCurrentThread();
    int frame_number=0;
    DWORD offset_from_symbol=0;
    IMAGEHLP_LINE64 line = {0};
    std::vector<module_data> modules;
    DWORD cbNeeded;
    std::vector<HMODULE> module_handles(1);

    // Load the symbols:
    // WARNING: You'll need to replace <pdb-search-path> with either NULL
    // or some folder where your clients will be able to find the .pdb file.
    if (!SymInitialize(process, <pdb-search-path>, false)) 
        throw(std::logic_error("Unable to initialize symbol handler"));
    DWORD symOptions = SymGetOptions();
    symOptions |= SYMOPT_LOAD_LINES | SYMOPT_UNDNAME;
    SymSetOptions(symOptions);
    EnumProcessModules(process, &module_handles[0], module_handles.size() * sizeof(HMODULE), &cbNeeded);
    module_handles.resize(cbNeeded/sizeof(HMODULE));
    EnumProcessModules(process, &module_handles[0], module_handles.size() * sizeof(HMODULE), &cbNeeded);
    std::transform(module_handles.begin(), module_handles.end(), std::back_inserter(modules), get_mod_info(process));
    void *base = modules[0].base_address;

    // Setup stuff:
    CONTEXT* context = ep->ContextRecord;
#ifdef _M_X64
    STACKFRAME64 frame;
    frame.AddrPC.Offset = context->Rip;
    frame.AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
    frame.AddrStack.Offset = context->Rsp;
    frame.AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat;    
    frame.AddrFrame.Offset = context->Rbp;
    frame.AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
#else
    STACKFRAME64 frame;
    frame.AddrPC.Offset = context->Eip;
    frame.AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
    frame.AddrStack.Offset = context->Esp;
    frame.AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat;    
    frame.AddrFrame.Offset = context->Ebp;
    frame.AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
#endif
    line.SizeOfStruct = sizeof line;
    IMAGE_NT_HEADERS *h = ImageNtHeader(base);
    DWORD image_type = h->FileHeader.Machine;
    int n = 0;

    // Build the string:
    std::ostringstream builder;
    do {
        if ( frame.AddrPC.Offset != 0 ) {
            std::string fnName = symbol(process, frame.AddrPC.Offset).undecorated_name();
            builder << fnName;
            if (SymGetLineFromAddr64( process, frame.AddrPC.Offset, &offset_from_symbol, &line)) 
                builder << "  " /*<< line.FileName*/ << "(" << line.LineNumber << ")\n";
            else builder << "\n";
            if (fnName == "main")
                break;
            if (fnName == "RaiseException") {
                // This is what we get when compiled in Release mode:
                YourMessage("Crash", "Your program has crashed.\n\n");
                return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
            }
        }
        else
            builder << "(No Symbols: PC == 0)";
        if (!StackWalk64(image_type, process, hThread, &frame, context, NULL, 
                            SymFunctionTableAccess64, SymGetModuleBase64, NULL))
            break;
        if (++n > 10)
            break;
    } while (frame.AddrReturn.Offset != 0);
    //return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
    SymCleanup(process);

    // Display the string:
    YourMessage("Stack Trace", "Your program has crashed. Send a screenshot of this message to:\n"
            "you@initech.com\n\n%s", builder.str().c_str());
    return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE _hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
        LPSTR args, int nCmdShow)
{
    __try { 
        // <Your code goes here>
        int f = 0;
        f = 7 / f;   // Trigger a divide-by-zero exception
        return 0;
    } __except (DumpStackTrace(GetExceptionInformation())) {  
        return 1;
    }
}

Answer 3

或者从这里使用stackwalker ...... http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/11132/Walking-the-callstack

在项目中使用文件stackwalker.cpp和stackwalker.h

最小代码：

#include "StackWalker.h"

class StackWalker2: public StackWalker
{
    public:
 string output;
  void OnOutput(LPCSTR szText)
  {
    output+=szText; // this will collect stack info in output string

  }

};

 StackWalker2 sw;
sw.ShowCallstack();
cout << sw.output;

您需要生成一些调试信息以查看函数名称和行号在Microsoft VIsual C ++的情况下使用适当的标志您可能需要将.pdb文件放在您的exe所在的位置。

来自正在运行的应用程序的Windows C ++堆栈跟踪

3 个答案: