这是我的代码。我正在学习用python制作蛇游戏的教程。
import math, random, pygame
class cube(object):
rows = 20
w = 500
def __init__(self,start,dirnx=1,dirny=0,color=(255,0,0)):
self.pos = start
self.dirnx = 1
self.dirny = 0
self.color = color
class cube(object):
rows = 20
w = 500
def __init__(self,start,dirnx=1,dirny=0,color=(255,0,0)):
self.pos = start
self.dirnx = 1
self.dirny = 0
self.color = color
def move(self, dirnx, dirny):
self.dirnx = dirnx
self.dirny = dirny
self.pos = (self.pos[0] + self.dirnx, self.pos[1] + self.dirny)
def draw(self, surface, eyes=False):
dis = self.w // self.rows
i = self.pos[0]
j = self.pos[1]
pygame.draw.rect(surface, self.color, (i*dis+1,j*dis+1, dis-2, dis-2))
if eyes:
centre = dis//2
radius = 3
circleMiddle = (i*dis+centre-radius,j*dis+8)
circleMiddle2 = (i*dis + dis -radius*2, j*dis+8)
pygame.draw.circle(surface, (0,0,0), circleMiddle, radius)
pygame.draw.circle(surface, (0,0,0), circleMiddle2, radius)
class snake(object):
body = []
turns = {}
def __init__(self, color, pos):
self.color = color
self.head = cube(pos)
self.body.append(self.head)
self.dirnx = 0
self.dirny = 1
def move():
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
for key in keys:
if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
self.dirnx = -1
self.dirny = 0
self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
self.dirnx = 1
self.dirny = 0
self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
elif keys[pygame.K_UP]:
self.dirnx = 0
self.dirny = -1
self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
elif keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
self.dirnx = 0
self.dirny = 1
self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
for i, c in enumerate(self.body):
p = c.pos[:]
if p in self.turns:
turn = self.turns
c.move(turn[0], turn[1])
if i == len(self.body)-1:
self.turns.pop(p)
else:
if c.dirnx == -1 and c.pos[0] <= 0: c.pos = (c.rows-1, c.pos[1])
elif c.dirnx == 1 and c.pos[0] >= c.rows-1: c.pos = (0,c.pos[1])
elif c.dirny == 1 and c.pos[1] >= c.rows-1: c.pos = (c.pos[0], 0)
elif c.dirny == -1 and c.pos[1] <= 0: c.pos = (c.pos[0],c.rows-1)
else: c.move(c.dirnx, c.dirny)
def reset(self, pos):
pass
def addCube(self):
tail = self.body[-1] #-1 is the last element in that list
dx, dy = tail.dirnx, tail.dirny #dx and dy is direction of x and direction of y
if dx == 1 and dy == 0:
self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0]-1,tail.pos[1])))
elif dx == -1 and dy == 0:
self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0]+1,tail.pos[1])))
elif dx == 0 and dy == 1:
self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0],tail.pos[1]-1)))
elif dx == 0 and dy == -1:
self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0],tail.pos[1]+1)))
self.body[-1].dirnx = dx
self.body[-1].dirny = dy
def draw(self, surface):
for i, c in enumerate(self.body):
if i==0:
c.draw(surface, True)
else:
c.draw(surface)
def drawGrid(w, rows, surface):
sizeBtwn = w // rows
x = 0
y = 0
for l in range(rows):
x = x + sizeBtwn
y = y + sizeBtwn
pygame.draw.line(surface, (255,255,255), (x,0),(x,w))
pygame.draw.line(surface, (255,255,255), (0,y),(w,y))
def redrawWindow(surface):
global width, rows, s, snack #ADD snack to this line
surface.fill((0,0,0))
s.draw(surface)
snack.draw(surface) #NEW
drawGrid(width, rows, surface)
pygame.display.update()
def randomSnack(rows, item):
positions = item.body
while True:
x = random.randrange(rows)
y = random.randrange(rows)
if len(list(filter(lambda z:z.pos == (x,y), positions))) > 0:
continue
else:
break
return (x.y)
def message_box(subject, content):
pass
def main(self):
global width, rows, s, snack
self.move = move
width = 500
height = 500
rows = 20
win = pygame.display.set_mode((width, width))
s = snake ((255,0,0), (10,10))
snack = cube(randomSnack(rows, s), color = (0,255,0))
flag = True
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while flag:
pygame.time.delay(50)
clock.tick(10)
s.move()
if s.body[0] == snake.pos: #Checks if the head collides with the snack
s.addCube() #Adds a new cube to the snake
snack = cube(randomSnack(rows, s), color=(0,255,0)) #Creates a new snack object
redrawWindow(win)
main()
但是随后我仍然收到我似乎无法修复的错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Ammar Khan\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\Snake Game Tutorial #4.py", line 186, in <module> main()
TypeError: main() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'
答案 0 :(得分:1)
您需要创建该类的对象,然后对其应用 main 方法。它会正常工作。
like this:
sanke1 = snake()
sanke1.main()
答案 1 :(得分:0)
在代码中,缩进显示您的main ()
函数在您的snake
类中,从drawGrid()
开始的所有方法也是如此。您需要将它们全部向后移一个缩进量,以将其退出课堂。然后摆脱self
中的def main()
参数。那应该可以解决这个问题。
我注意到的另一件事是,move()
类中的snake()
方法缺少它应该具有的self参数。它应该是move(self)
。一个类中的所有实例方法都必须有一个self
参数作为它们的第一个参数(实际上self
只是该名称的约定惯例,可以是任何东西,但您应该使用self
或这会令人困惑)。您不必通过传递该参数来调用它,而是由python对该实例的引用来填充它。
许多初学者python程序员在第一次开始创建自己的类时就被它抛出了。似乎令人困惑,因为调用该参数时该参数不存在,因此似乎您在使用一个参数过少调用它。
我将说明它是如何工作的。如果您有一个类player
并想调用其update()
方法,则可以使用所需的任何参数来调用player.update(...)
。 Python在调用该实例方法时,将实例引用player
放在您自己传递的所有'...'参数之前,并最终在self
参数中。这就是实例方法如何引用其自己的实例的方法,可用于访问其内部属性。我希望这有助于澄清这一点。
我注意到了另外两件事:
1)您的代码中有两个class cube()
的定义。第二个覆盖第一个,但是使它被忽略。它们以相同的开头,所以也许是错别字或复制和过去的错误?
2)您似乎在这里有错字:
if s.body[0] == snake.pos: #Checks if the head collides with the snack
根据评论,我认为应该是snack.pos
,而不是蛇。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
解决办法如下:
def a(self=a) : return self
b = a
b()
这将自行返回。