使用带有TypeScript的react钩子,这是我要做的事情的最小表示:屏幕上有一个按钮列表,当用户单击按钮时,我想将按钮的文本更改为“ Button”点击”,然后仅重新呈现被点击的按钮。
我正在使用useCallback来包装按钮click事件,以避免在每个渲染器上重新创建单击处理程序。
此代码按我想要的方式工作:如果我使用useState并将状态保持在数组中,则可以在useState中使用Functional update并获得所需的确切行为:
import * as React from 'react';
import { IHelloWorldProps } from './IHelloWorldProps';
import { useEffect, useCallback, useState } from 'react';
import { PrimaryButton } from 'office-ui-fabric-react';
interface IMyButtonProps {
title: string;
id: string;
onClick: (clickedDeviceId: string) => (event: any) => void;
}
const MyButton: React.FunctionComponent<IMyButtonProps> = React.memo((props: IMyButtonProps) => {
console.log(`Button rendered for ${props.title}`);
return <PrimaryButton text={props.title} onClick={props.onClick(props.id)} />;
});
interface IDevice {
Name: string;
Id: string;
}
const HelloWorld: React.FunctionComponent<IHelloWorldProps> = (props: IHelloWorldProps) => {
//If I use an array for state instead of object and then use useState with Functional update, I get the result I want.
const initialState: IDevice[] = [];
const [deviceState, setDeviceState] = useState<IDevice[]>(initialState);
useEffect(() => {
//Simulate network call to load data.
setTimeout(() => {
setDeviceState([{ Name: "Apple", Id: "appl01" }, { Name: "Android", Id: "andr02" }, { Name: "Windows Phone", Id: "wp03" }]);
}, 500);
}, []);
const _deviceClicked = useCallback((clickedDeviceId: string) => ((event: any): void => {
setDeviceState(prevState => prevState.map((device: IDevice) => {
if (device.Id === clickedDeviceId) {
device.Name = `${device.Name} clicked`;
}
return device;
}));
}), []);
return (
<React.Fragment>
{deviceState.map((device: IDevice) => {
return <MyButton key={device.Id} title={device.Name} onClick={_deviceClicked} id={device.Id} />;
})}
</React.Fragment>
);
};
export default HelloWorld;
但这是我的问题:在我的生产应用中,状态保留在一个对象中,我们使用useReducer钩子模拟类组件样式setState,我们只需要在其中传递更改的属性。因此,我们不必每次操作都替换整个状态。
当尝试使用useReducer进行与以前相同的操作时,状态始终是陈旧的,因为useCallback的缓存版本来自设备列表为空时的第一次加载。
import * as React from 'react';
import { IHelloWorldProps } from './IHelloWorldProps';
import { useEffect, useCallback, useReducer, useState } from 'react';
import { PrimaryButton } from 'office-ui-fabric-react';
interface IMyButtonProps {
title: string;
id: string;
onClick: (clickedDeviceId: string) => (event: any) => void;
}
const MyButton: React.FunctionComponent<IMyButtonProps> = React.memo((props: IMyButtonProps) => {
console.log(`Button rendered for ${props.title}`);
return <PrimaryButton text={props.title} onClick={props.onClick(props.id)} />;
});
interface IDevice {
Name: string;
Id: string;
}
interface IDeviceState {
devices: IDevice[];
}
const HelloWorld: React.FunctionComponent<IHelloWorldProps> = (props: IHelloWorldProps) => {
const initialState: IDeviceState = { devices: [] };
//Using useReducer to mimic class component's this.setState functionality where only the updated state needs to be sent to the reducer instead of the entire state.
const [deviceState, setDeviceState] = useReducer((previousState: IDeviceState, updatedProperties: Partial<IDeviceState>) => ({ ...previousState, ...updatedProperties }), initialState);
useEffect(() => {
//Simulate network call to load data.
setTimeout(() => {
setDeviceState({ devices: [{ Name: "Apple", Id: "appl01" }, { Name: "Android", Id: "andr02" }, { Name: "Windows Phone", Id: "wp03" }] });
}, 500);
}, []);
//Have to wrap in useCallback otherwise the "MyButton" component will get a new version of _deviceClicked for each time.
//If the useCallback wrapper is removed from here, I see the behavior I want but then the entire device list is re-rendered everytime I click on a device.
const _deviceClicked = useCallback((clickedDeviceId: string) => ((event: any): void => {
//Since useCallback contains the cached version of the function before the useEffect runs, deviceState.devices is always an empty array [] here.
const updatedDeviceList = deviceState.devices.map((device: IDevice) => {
if (device.Id === clickedDeviceId) {
device.Name = `${device.Name} clicked`;
}
return device;
});
setDeviceState({ devices: updatedDeviceList });
//Cannot add the deviceState.devices dependency here because we are updating deviceState.devices inside the function. This would mean useCallback would be useless.
}), []);
return (
<React.Fragment>
{deviceState.devices.map((device: IDevice) => {
return <MyButton key={device.Id} title={device.Name} onClick={_deviceClicked} id={device.Id} />;
})}
</React.Fragment>
);
};
export default HelloWorld;
所以我的问题归结为::在useCallback中使用useState时,我们可以使用功能更新模式并捕获当前状态(而不是从缓存useCallback时开始) 无需指定useCallback依赖项就可以实现。
使用useReducer时我们该如何做?在使用useReducer时并且没有指定useCallback依赖项时,是否可以在useCallback中获取当前状态?
答案 0 :(得分:3)
您可以调度一个由reducer调用的函数,并获取传递给它的当前状态。像这样:
//Using useReducer to mimic class component's this.setState functionality where only the updated state needs to be sent to the reducer instead of the entire state.
const [deviceState, dispatch] = useReducer(
(previousState, action) => action(previousState),
initialState
);
//Have to wrap in useCallback otherwise the "MyButton" component will get a new version of _deviceClicked for each time.
//If the useCallback wrapper is removed from here, I see the behavior I want but then the entire device list is re-rendered everytime I click on a device.
const _deviceClicked = useCallback(
(clickedDeviceId) => (event) => {
//Since useCallback contains the cached version of the function before the useEffect runs, deviceState.devices is always an empty array [] here.
dispatch((deviceState) => ({
...deviceState,
devices: deviceState.devices.map((device) => {
if (device.Id === clickedDeviceId) {
device.Name = `${device.Name} clicked`;
}
return device;
}),
}));
//no dependencies here
},
[]
);
下面是一个有效的示例:
const { useCallback, useReducer } = React;
const App = () => {
const [deviceState, dispatch] = useReducer(
(previousState, action) => action(previousState),
{ count: 0, other: 88 }
);
const click = useCallback(
(increase) => () => {
//Since useCallback contains the cached version of the function before the useEffect runs, deviceState.devices is always an empty array [] here.
dispatch((deviceState) => ({
...deviceState,
count: deviceState.count + increase,
}));
//no dependencies here
},
[]
);
return (
<div>
<button onClick={click(1)}>+1</button>
<button onClick={click(2)}>+2</button>
<button onClick={click(3)}>+3</button>
<pre>{JSON.stringify(deviceState)}</pre>
</div>
);
};
ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById('root'));
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.8.4/umd/react.production.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.8.4/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script>
<div id="root"></div>
这不是您通常使用useReducer
的方式,也没有找到在这种情况下不只使用useState
的原因。