在lxml中迭代时编辑树

时间:2011-05-27 12:41:48

标签: python parsing html-parsing lxml

我使用lxml解析html并编辑它以生成新文档。本质上,我试图使用它有点像javascript DOM - 我知道这不是真正的预期用途,但到目前为止它的大部分工作都很好。

目前,我使用iterdescendants()获取可迭代的元素列表,然后依次处理每个元素。

但是,如果在迭代期间删除了一个元素,则仍会考虑其子元素,因为删除不会像您期望的那样影响迭代。为了获得我想要的结果,这个黑客工作:

from lxml.html import fromstring, tostring
import urllib2
import re

html = '''
<html>
<head>
</head>

<body>
    <div>
        <p class="unwanted">This content should go</p>
        <p class="fine">This content should stay</p>
    </div>

    <div id = "second" class="unwanted">
        <p class = "alreadydead">This content should not be looked at</p>
        <p class = "alreadydead">Nor should this</>
        <div class="alreadydead">
            <p class="alreadydead">Still dead</p>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div>
        <p class="yeswanted">This content should also stay</p>
    </div>
</body>

for element in allElements:
   s = "%s%s" % (element.get('class', ''), element.get('id', ''))        
   if re.compile('unwanted').search(s):
       for i in range(len(element.findall('.//*'))):
           allElements.next()
       element.drop_tree()

print tostring(page.body)

输出:

<body>
    <div>

        <p class="yeswanted">This content should stay</p>
    </div>



    <div>
        <p class="yeswanted">This content should also stay</p>
    </div>
</body>

这感觉就像一个讨厌的黑客 - 有没有更合理的方法来实现这个使用库?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

为了简化操作,您可以使用lxml's support for regular expressions within an XPath查找并终止不需要的节点,而无需迭代所有后代。

这会产生与脚本相同的结果:

EXSLT_NS = 'http://exslt.org/regular-expressions'
XPATH = r"//*[re:test(@class, '\bunwanted\b') or re:test(@id, '\bunwanted\b')]"

tree = lxml.html.fromstring(html)
for node in tree.xpath(XPATH, namespaces={'re': EXSLT_NS}):
    node.drop_tree()
print lxml.html.tostring(tree.body)