运行命令git push heroku master时出现错误：
remote: Downloading nokogiri-1.8.2 revealed dependencies not in the API or the lockfile
remote: (mini_portile2 (~> 2.3.0)).
remote: Either installing with `--full-index` or running `bundle update nokogiri` should
remote: fix the problem.
remote:
remote: !
remote: ! Failed to install gems via Bundler.
remote: !
remote: ! Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app.
remote:
remote: ! Push failed
remote: Verifying deploy...
remote:
remote: ! Push rejected to fathomless-journey-80413.
remote:
我偶然发现了该页面（https://forum.theodinproject.com/t/heroku-installfest/28/2），其中 建议了以下步骤：
在您的Gemfile中，更改：
宝石'pg'
到
宝石'pg'，'〜> 0.20.0'
删除名为Gemfile.lock的文件
以上步骤解决了我的问题，但现在又遇到了类似的错误
remote: Downloading actionpack-4.2.10 revealed dependencies not in the API or the
remote: lockfile (rack-test (~> 0.6.2)).
remote: Either installing with `--full-index` or running `bundle update actionpack`
remote: should fix the problem.
remote:
remote: !
remote: ! Failed to install gems via Bundler.
remote: !
remote: ! Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app.
remote:
remote: ! Push failed
remote: Verifying deploy...
remote:
remote: ! Push rejected to fathomless-journey-80413.
remote:
我的gemfile：
source 'https://rubygems.org'
# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '4.2.10'
# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
#gem 'sqlite3'
#gem 'pg'
gem 'pg', '~> 0.20.0'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.1.0'
# See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby
# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'
# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0'
# bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
gem 'sdoc', '>= 0.4.0', group: :doc
# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'
# Use Unicorn as the app server
# gem 'unicorn'
# Use Capistrano for deployment
# gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development
group :development, :test do
# Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
gem 'byebug'
end
group :development do
# Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> in views
gem 'web-console', '~> 2.0'
# Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
gem 'spring'
end
这是我的gemfile.lock
GEM
remote: https://rubygems.org/
specs:
actionmailer (4.2.10)
actionpack (= 4.2.10)
actionview (= 4.2.10)
activejob (= 4.2.10)
mail (~> 2.5, >= 2.5.4)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
actionpack (4.2.10)
actionview (= 4.2.10)
activesupport (= 4.2.10)
rack (~> 1.6)
rack-test (~> 0.7.0)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
actionview (4.2.10)
activesupport (= 4.2.10)
builder (~> 3.1)
erubis (~> 2.7.0)
rails-dom-testing (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.5)
rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.3)
activejob (4.2.10)
activesupport (= 4.2.10)
globalid (>= 0.3.0)
activemodel (4.2.10)
activesupport (= 4.2.10)
builder (~> 3.1)
activerecord (4.2.10)
activemodel (= 4.2.10)
activesupport (= 4.2.10)
arel (~> 6.0)
activesupport (4.2.10)
i18n (~> 0.7)
minitest (~> 5.1)
thread_safe (~> 0.3, >= 0.3.4)
tzinfo (~> 1.1)
arel (6.0.4)
binding_of_caller (0.8.0)
debug_inspector (>= 0.0.1)
builder (3.2.4)
byebug (11.1.1)
coffee-rails (4.1.1)
coffee-script (>= 2.2.0)
railties (>= 4.0.0, < 5.1.x)
coffee-script (2.4.1)
coffee-script-source
execjs
coffee-script-source (1.12.2)
concurrent-ruby (1.1.6)
crass (1.0.6)
debug_inspector (0.0.3)
erubis (2.7.0)
execjs (2.7.0)
ffi (1.12.2)
globalid (0.4.2)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0)
i18n (0.9.5)
concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
jbuilder (2.9.1)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0)
jquery-rails (4.3.5)
rails-dom-testing (>= 1, < 3)
railties (>= 4.2.0)
thor (>= 0.14, < 2.0)
loofah (2.5.0)
crass (~> 1.0.2)
nokogiri (>= 1.5.9)
mail (2.7.1)
mini_mime (>= 0.1.1)
mini_mime (1.0.2)
mini_portile2 (2.4.0)
minitest (5.14.0)
nokogiri (1.10.9)
mini_portile2 (~> 2.4.0)
pg (0.20.0)
rack (1.6.13)
rack-test (0.7.0)
rack (>= 1.0, < 3)
rails (4.2.10)
actionmailer (= 4.2.10)
actionpack (= 4.2.10)
actionview (= 4.2.10)
activejob (= 4.2.10)
activemodel (= 4.2.10)
activerecord (= 4.2.10)
activesupport (= 4.2.10)
bundler (>= 1.3.0, < 2.0)
railties (= 4.2.10)
sprockets-rails
rails-deprecated_sanitizer (1.0.3)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0.alpha)
rails-dom-testing (1.0.9)
activesupport (>= 4.2.0, < 5.0)
nokogiri (~> 1.6)
rails-deprecated_sanitizer (>= 1.0.1)
rails-html-sanitizer (1.3.0)
loofah (~> 2.3)
railties (4.2.10)
actionpack (= 4.2.10)
activesupport (= 4.2.10)
rake (>= 0.8.7)
thor (>= 0.18.1, < 2.0)
rake (13.0.1)
rb-fsevent (0.10.3)
rb-inotify (0.10.1)
ffi (~> 1.0)
rdoc (6.2.1)
sass (3.7.4)
sass-listen (~> 4.0.0)
sass-listen (4.0.0)
rb-fsevent (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.4)
rb-inotify (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.7)
sass-rails (5.0.7)
railties (>= 4.0.0, < 6)
sass (~> 3.1)
sprockets (>= 2.8, < 4.0)
sprockets-rails (>= 2.0, < 4.0)
tilt (>= 1.1, < 3)
sdoc (1.1.0)
rdoc (>= 5.0)
spring (2.1.0)
sprockets (3.7.2)
concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
rack (> 1, < 3)
sprockets-rails (3.2.1)
actionpack (>= 4.0)
activesupport (>= 4.0)
sprockets (>= 3.0.0)
thor (1.0.1)
thread_safe (0.3.6)
tilt (2.0.10)
turbolinks (5.2.1)
turbolinks-source (~> 5.2)
turbolinks-source (5.2.0)
tzinfo (1.2.7)
thread_safe (~> 0.1)
uglifier (4.2.0)
execjs (>= 0.3.0, < 3)
web-console (2.3.0)
activemodel (>= 4.0)
binding_of_caller (>= 0.7.2)
railties (>= 4.0)
sprockets-rails (>= 2.0, < 4.0)
PLATFORMS
ruby
DEPENDENCIES
byebug
coffee-rails (~> 4.1.0)
jbuilder (~> 2.0)
jquery-rails
pg (~> 0.20.0)
rails (= 4.2.10)
sass-rails (~> 5.0)
sdoc (>= 0.4.0)
spring
turbolinks
uglifier (>= 1.3.0)
web-console (~> 2.0)
BUNDLED WITH
1.16.1
任何帮助将不胜感激... 预先感谢。
编辑：bundle update actionpack的输出显示：
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.............
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
Resolving dependencies....
Using rake 13.0.1
Using concurrent-ruby 1.1.6
Using i18n 0.9.5
Using minitest 5.14.0
Using thread_safe 0.3.6
Using tzinfo 1.2.7
Using activesupport 4.2.10
Using builder 3.2.4
Using erubis 2.7.0
Using mini_portile2 2.4.0
Using nokogiri 1.10.9
Using rails-deprecated_sanitizer 1.0.3
Using rails-dom-testing 1.0.9
Using crass 1.0.6
Using loofah 2.5.0
Using rails-html-sanitizer 1.3.0
Using actionview 4.2.10
Using rack 1.6.13
Using rack-test 0.7.0
Using actionpack 4.2.10
Using globalid 0.4.2
Using activejob 4.2.10
Using mini_mime 1.0.2
Using mail 2.7.1
Using actionmailer 4.2.10
Using activemodel 4.2.10
Using arel 6.0.4
Using activerecord 4.2.10
Using debug_inspector 0.0.3
Using binding_of_caller 0.8.0
Using bundler 1.16.1
Using byebug 11.1.1
Using coffee-script-source 1.12.2
Using execjs 2.7.0
Using coffee-script 2.4.1
Using thor 1.0.1
Using railties 4.2.10
Using coffee-rails 4.1.1
Using ffi 1.12.2
Using jbuilder 2.9.1
Using jquery-rails 4.3.5
Using pg 0.20.0
Using sprockets 3.7.2
Using sprockets-rails 3.2.1
Using rails 4.2.10
Using rb-fsevent 0.10.3
Using rb-inotify 0.10.1
Using rdoc 6.2.1
Using sass-listen 4.0.0
Using sass 3.7.4
Using tilt 2.0.10
Using sass-rails 5.0.7
Using sdoc 1.1.0
Using spring 2.1.0
Using turbolinks-source 5.2.0
Using turbolinks 5.2.1
Using uglifier 4.2.0
Using web-console 2.3.0
Bundler attempted to update actionpack but its version stayed the same
Bundle updated!
Gems in the group production were not installed.
编辑：我认为某种原因是由于通过apt-get安装了ruby所致，所以我将其删除并使用rvm重新安装了ruby，结果解决了！！！
感谢您的建议。