以下代码允许我提取.tgz文件。然而，它在大约两个级别下降后停止提取;还有其他子文件夹具有需要提取的.tgz文件。另外，当我提取文件时，我必须手动将其移动到另一个路径，否则它将被我提取到该位置的其他.tgz文件覆盖（我正在使用的所有.tgz具有相同的文件结构/文件夹名称一旦提取）。任何帮助表示赞赏。谢谢！
import os, sys, tarfile
def extract(tar_url, extract_path='.'):
print tar_url
tar = tarfile.open(tar_url, 'r')
for item in tar:
tar.extract(item, extract_path)
if item.name.find(".tgz") != -1 or item.name.find(".tar") != -1:
extract(item.name, "./" + item.name[:item.name.rfind('/')])
try:
extract(sys.argv[1] + '.tgz')
print 'Done.'
except:
name = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
print name[:name.rfind('.')], '<filename>'
答案 0 :(得分：4)
如果我没有错误地误解你的问题，那么这就是你想做的事情 -
如果我已正确解释您的问题，那么......
这是我的代码所做的 -
因此，如果这是.tgz文件的目录结构 -
parent/
xyz.tgz/
a
b
c
d.tgz/
x
y
z
a.tgz/ # note if I extract this directly, it will replace/overwrite contents of the folder 'a'
m
n
o
p
提取后，目录结构将是 -
parent/
xyz.tgz
xyz/
a
b
c
d/
x
y
z
a 1/ # it extracts 'a.tgz' to the folder 'a 1' as folder 'a' already exists in the same folder.
m
n
o
p
虽然我在下面的代码中提供了大量文档，但我只想简要介绍一下我的程序结构。以下是我定义的函数 -
FileExtension --> returns the extension of a file
AppropriateFolderName --> helps in preventing overwriting/replacing of already existing folders (how? you will see it in the program)
Extract --> extracts a .tgz file (safely)
WalkTreeAndExtract - walks down a directory (passed as parameter) and extracts all .tgz files(recursively) on the way down.
我不能建议改变你所做的事情，因为我的方法有点不同。我已经使用了extractall模块的tarfile方法，而不是使用了比特复杂的extract方法。 （只需看一眼 - http://docs.python.org/library/tarfile.html#tarfile.TarFile.extractall并阅读与使用extractall方法相关的警告。我不认为我们会遇到任何此类问题，但请记住这一点。）< / p>
所以这里的代码对我有用 -
（我尝试嵌套5级深度的.tar个文件（.tar .tar .tar .tgz内# extracting_nested_tars.py
import os
import re
import tarfile
file_extensions = ('tar', 'tgz')
# Edit this according to the archive types you want to extract. Keep in
# mind that these should be extractable by the tarfile module.
def FileExtension(file_name):
"""Return the file extension of file
'file' should be a string. It can be either the full path of
the file or just its name (or any string as long it contains
the file extension.)
Examples:
input (file) --> 'abc.tar'
return value --> 'tar'
"""
match = re.compile(r"^.*[.](?P<ext>\w+)$",
re.VERBOSE|re.IGNORECASE).match(file_name)
if match: # if match != None:
ext = match.group('ext')
return ext
else:
return '' # there is no file extension to file_name
def AppropriateFolderName(folder_name, parent_fullpath):
"""Return a folder name such that it can be safely created in
parent_fullpath without replacing any existing folder in it.
Check if a folder named folder_name exists in parent_fullpath. If no,
return folder_name (without changing, because it can be safely created
without replacing any already existing folder). If yes, append an
appropriate number to the folder_name such that this new folder_name
can be safely created in the folder parent_fullpath.
Examples:
folder_name = 'untitled folder'
return value = 'untitled folder' (if no such folder already exists
in parent_fullpath.)
folder_name = 'untitled folder'
return value = 'untitled folder 1' (if a folder named 'untitled folder'
already exists but no folder named
'untitled folder 1' exists in
parent_fullpath.)
folder_name = 'untitled folder'
return value = 'untitled folder 2' (if folders named 'untitled folder'
and 'untitled folder 1' both
already exist but no folder named
'untitled folder 2' exists in
parent_fullpath.)
"""
if os.path.exists(os.path.join(parent_fullpath,folder_name)):
match = re.compile(r'^(?P<name>.*)[ ](?P<num>\d+)$').match(folder_name)
if match: # if match != None:
name = match.group('name')
number = match.group('num')
new_folder_name = '%s %d' %(name, int(number)+1)
return AppropriateFolderName(new_folder_name,
parent_fullpath)
# Recursively call itself so that it can be check whether a
# folder named new_folder_name already exists in parent_fullpath
# or not.
else:
new_folder_name = '%s 1' %folder_name
return AppropriateFolderName(new_folder_name, parent_fullpath)
# Recursively call itself so that it can be check whether a
# folder named new_folder_name already exists in parent_fullpath
# or not.
else:
return folder_name
def Extract(tarfile_fullpath, delete_tar_file=True):
"""Extract the tarfile_fullpath to an appropriate* folder of the same
name as the tar file (without an extension) and return the path
of this folder.
If delete_tar_file is True, it will delete the tar file after
its extraction; if False, it won`t. Default value is True as you
would normally want to delete the (nested) tar files after
extraction. Pass a False, if you don`t want to delete the
tar file (after its extraction) you are passing.
"""
tarfile_name = os.path.basename(tarfile_fullpath)
parent_dir = os.path.dirname(tarfile_fullpath)
extract_folder_name = AppropriateFolderName(tarfile_name[:\
-1*len(FileExtension(tarfile_name))-1], parent_dir)
# (the slicing is to remove the extension (.tar) from the file name.)
# Get a folder name (from the function AppropriateFolderName)
# in which the contents of the tar file can be extracted,
# so that it doesn't replace an already existing folder.
extract_folder_fullpath = os.path.join(parent_dir,
extract_folder_name)
# The full path to this new folder.
try:
tar = tarfile.open(tarfile_fullpath)
tar.extractall(extract_folder_fullpath)
tar.close()
if delete_tar_file:
os.remove(tarfile_fullpath)
return extract_folder_name
except Exception as e:
# Exceptions can occur while opening a damaged tar file.
print 'Error occured while extracting %s\n'\
'Reason: %s' %(tarfile_fullpath, e)
return
def WalkTreeAndExtract(parent_dir):
"""Recursively descend the directory tree rooted at parent_dir
and extract each tar file on the way down (recursively).
"""
try:
dir_contents = os.listdir(parent_dir)
except OSError as e:
# Exception can occur if trying to open some folder whose
# permissions this program does not have.
print 'Error occured. Could not open folder %s\n'\
'Reason: %s' %(parent_dir, e)
return
for content in dir_contents:
content_fullpath = os.path.join(parent_dir, content)
if os.path.isdir(content_fullpath):
# If content is a folder, walk it down completely.
WalkTreeAndExtract(content_fullpath)
elif os.path.isfile(content_fullpath):
# If content is a file, check if it is a tar file.
# If so, extract its contents to a new folder.
if FileExtension(content_fullpath) in file_extensions:
extract_folder_name = Extract(content_fullpath)
if extract_folder_name: # if extract_folder_name != None:
dir_contents.append(extract_folder_name)
# Append the newly extracted folder to dir_contents
# so that it can be later searched for more tar files
# to extract.
else:
# Unknown file type.
print 'Skipping %s. <Neither file nor folder>' % content_fullpath
if __name__ == '__main__':
tarfile_fullpath = 'fullpath_path_of_your_tarfile' # pass the path of your tar file here.
extract_folder_name = Extract(tarfile_fullpath, False)
# tarfile_fullpath is extracted to extract_folder_name. Now descend
# down its directory structure and extract all other tar files
# (recursively).
extract_folder_fullpath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(tarfile_fullpath),
extract_folder_name)
WalkTreeAndExtract(extract_folder_fullpath)
# If you want to extract all tar files in a dir, just execute the above
# line and nothing else.
，但它应该适用于任何深度*和{也适用于{{1}}个文件。）
{{1}}
我没有添加命令行界面。我猜你可以添加它，如果你发现它有用。
以上是上述程序的稍好版本 -
http://guanidene.blogspot.com/2011/06/nested-tar-archives-extractor.html