如何在线程池中使用MDC?

时间:2011-05-20 13:58:47

标签: java logging slf4j logback mdc

在我们的软件中,我们广泛使用MDC来跟踪会话ID和Web请求的用户名等内容。这在原始线程中运行时工作正常。但是,有很多事情需要在后台处理。为此,我们使用java.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutorjava.util.Timer类以及一些自动异步执行服务。所有这些服务都管理自己的线程池。

这就是Logback's manual在这样的环境中使用MDC所要说的:

  

映射诊断上下文的副本不能始终由发起线程的工作线程继承。当java.util.concurrent.Executors用于线程管理时就是这种情况。例如,newCachedThreadPool方法创建一个ThreadPoolExecutor,就像其他线程池代码一样,它有复杂的线程创建逻辑。

     

在这种情况下,建议在将任务提交给执行程序之前,在原始(主)线程上调用MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()。当任务运行时,作为第一个操作,它应该调用MDC.setContextMapValues()以将原始MDC值的存储副本与新的Executor托管线程相关联。

这很好,但是很容易忘记添加这些调用,并且没有简单的方法来识别问题,直到为时已晚。 Log4j的唯一标志是您在日志中丢失了MDC信息,而使用Logback,您会收到过时的MDC信息(因为胎面池中的线程从其上运行的第一个任务继承其MDC)。两者都是生产系统中的严重问题。

我不认为我们的情况有任何特殊之处,但我在网上找不到这个问题。显然,这不是很多人碰到的东西,所以必须有办法避免它。我们在这里做错了什么?

8 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:68)

是的,这是我遇到的一个常见问题。有一些解决方法(如手动设置,如上所述),但理想情况下,您需要一个解决方案

  • 始终如一地设置MDC;
  • 避免MDC不正确但您不知道的默认错误;和
  • 最大限度地减少对线程池使用方式的更改(例如,将CallableMyCallable进行子类化,或者类似的丑陋)。

这是我使用的解决方案,满足这三个需求。代码应该是不言自明的。

(作为旁注,可以创建此执行程序并将其提供给Guava的MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(),如果 你使用Guava的ListanableFuture。)

import org.slf4j.MDC;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

/**
 * A SLF4J MDC-compatible {@link ThreadPoolExecutor}.
 * <p/>
 * In general, MDC is used to store diagnostic information (e.g. a user's session id) in per-thread variables, to facilitate
 * logging. However, although MDC data is passed to thread children, this doesn't work when threads are reused in a
 * thread pool. This is a drop-in replacement for {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} sets MDC data before each task appropriately.
 * <p/>
 * Created by jlevy.
 * Date: 6/14/13
 */
public class MdcThreadPoolExecutor extends ThreadPoolExecutor {

    final private boolean useFixedContext;
    final private Map<String, Object> fixedContext;

    /**
     * Pool where task threads take MDC from the submitting thread.
     */
    public static MdcThreadPoolExecutor newWithInheritedMdc(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime,
                                                            TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
        return new MdcThreadPoolExecutor(null, corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue);
    }

    /**
     * Pool where task threads take fixed MDC from the thread that creates the pool.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static MdcThreadPoolExecutor newWithCurrentMdc(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime,
                                                          TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
        return new MdcThreadPoolExecutor(MDC.getCopyOfContextMap(), corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit,
                workQueue);
    }

    /**
     * Pool where task threads always have a specified, fixed MDC.
     */
    public static MdcThreadPoolExecutor newWithFixedMdc(Map<String, Object> fixedContext, int corePoolSize,
                                                        int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit,
                                                        BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
        return new MdcThreadPoolExecutor(fixedContext, corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue);
    }

    private MdcThreadPoolExecutor(Map<String, Object> fixedContext, int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize,
                                  long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
        super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue);
        this.fixedContext = fixedContext;
        useFixedContext = (fixedContext != null);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private Map<String, Object> getContextForTask() {
        return useFixedContext ? fixedContext : MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();
    }

    /**
     * All executions will have MDC injected. {@code ThreadPoolExecutor}'s submission methods ({@code submit()} etc.)
     * all delegate to this.
     */
    @Override
    public void execute(Runnable command) {
        super.execute(wrap(command, getContextForTask()));
    }

    public static Runnable wrap(final Runnable runnable, final Map<String, Object> context) {
        return new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Map previous = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();
                if (context == null) {
                    MDC.clear();
                } else {
                    MDC.setContextMap(context);
                }
                try {
                    runnable.run();
                } finally {
                    if (previous == null) {
                        MDC.clear();
                    } else {
                        MDC.setContextMap(previous);
                    }
                }
            }
        };
    }
}

答案 1 :(得分:25)

我们遇到了类似的问题。您可能希望扩展ThreadPoolExecutor并覆盖before / afterExecute方法,以便在启动/停止新线程之前进行所需的MDC调用。

答案 2 :(得分:10)

恕我直言,最好的解决方案是:

  • 使用int const i
  • 实施您自己的ThreadPoolTaskExecutor
  • 使用它:TaskDecorator

装饰者看起来像这样:

executor.setTaskDecorator(new LoggingTaskDecorator());

答案 3 :(得分:5)

如果您在与Spring框架相关的环境中遇到此问题,在该环境中使用@Async批注来运行任务,则可以使用TaskDecorator方法来修饰任务。此处提供了有关操作方法的示例:https://moelholm.com/blog/2017/07/24/spring-43-using-a-taskdecorator-to-copy-mdc-data-to-async-threads

我遇到了这个问题,上面的文章帮助我解决了这个问题,所以这就是我在这里分享它的原因。

答案 4 :(得分:2)

与之前发布的解决方案类似,RunnableCallable的{​​{3}}方法可以被覆盖,以便在创建{{1}时包装参数(请参阅接受的解决方案) }。

注意:因此,必须调用RunnableFuture的{​​{1}}方法而不是executorService方法。

对于submitnewTaskFor方法将被覆盖。

答案 5 :(得分:2)

这是我使用固定线程池和执行程序的方法:

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
Map<String, String> mdcContextMap = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();

在线程部分:

executor.submit(() -> {
    MDC.setContextMap(mdcContextMap);
    // my stuff
});

答案 6 :(得分:0)

我能够使用以下方法解决这个问题

在主线程(Application.java,我的应用程序的入口点)

static public Map<String, String> mdcContextMap = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();

在Executer调用的类的run方法中

MDC.setContextMap(Application.mdcContextMap);

答案 7 :(得分:0)

与现有答案类似的另一个变体是实现ExecutorService并允许将委托传递给它。然后使用泛型,它仍然可以公开实际的委托,以防有人想要获取某些统计信息(只要不使用其他修改方法)。

参考代码:

public class MDCExecutorService<D extends ExecutorService> implements ExecutorService {

    private final D delegate;

    public MDCExecutorService(D delegate) {
        this.delegate = delegate;
    }

    @Override
    public void shutdown() {
        delegate.shutdown();
    }

    @Override
    public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
        return delegate.shutdownNow();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isShutdown() {
        return delegate.isShutdown();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isTerminated() {
        return delegate.isTerminated();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
        return delegate.awaitTermination(timeout, unit);
    }

    @Override
    public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
        return delegate.submit(wrap(task));
    }

    @Override
    public <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) {
        return delegate.submit(wrap(task), result);
    }

    @Override
    public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
        return delegate.submit(wrap(task));
    }

    @Override
    public <T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks) throws InterruptedException {
        return delegate.invokeAll(wrapCollection(tasks));
    }

    @Override
    public <T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
        return delegate.invokeAll(wrapCollection(tasks), timeout, unit);
    }

    @Override
    public <T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        return delegate.invokeAny(wrapCollection(tasks));
    }

    @Override
    public <T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
        return delegate.invokeAny(wrapCollection(tasks), timeout, unit);
    }

    @Override
    public void execute(Runnable command) {
        delegate.execute(wrap(command));
    }

    public D getDelegate() {
        return delegate;
    }

    /* Copied from https://github.com/project-ncl/pnc/blob/master/common/src/main/java/org/jboss/pnc/common
    /concurrent/MDCWrappers.java */

    private static Runnable wrap(final Runnable runnable) {
        final Map<String, String> context = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();
        return () -> {
            Map previous = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();
            if (context == null) {
                MDC.clear();
            } else {
                MDC.setContextMap(context);
            }
            try {
                runnable.run();
            } finally {
                if (previous == null) {
                    MDC.clear();
                } else {
                    MDC.setContextMap(previous);
                }
            }
        };
    }

    private static <T> Callable<T> wrap(final Callable<T> callable) {
        final Map<String, String> context = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();
        return () -> {
            Map previous = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();
            if (context == null) {
                MDC.clear();
            } else {
                MDC.setContextMap(context);
            }
            try {
                return callable.call();
            } finally {
                if (previous == null) {
                    MDC.clear();
                } else {
                    MDC.setContextMap(previous);
                }
            }
        };
    }

    private static <T> Consumer<T> wrap(final Consumer<T> consumer) {
        final Map<String, String> context = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();
        return (t) -> {
            Map previous = MDC.getCopyOfContextMap();
            if (context == null) {
                MDC.clear();
            } else {
                MDC.setContextMap(context);
            }
            try {
                consumer.accept(t);
            } finally {
                if (previous == null) {
                    MDC.clear();
                } else {
                    MDC.setContextMap(previous);
                }
            }
        };
    }

    private static <T> Collection<Callable<T>> wrapCollection(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks) {
        Collection<Callable<T>> wrapped = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Callable<T> task : tasks) {
            wrapped.add(wrap(task));
        }
        return wrapped;
    }
}