Question

给出我可以从用户（聊天机器人）获得的所有可能的时间格式：

09:03
9:23A.M.
9:23 A.m.
13:44 pm
20:00 P.m
15:40
00:00
12:33
4:33p.M
...

我想将它们转换为适当的时间。我不会使用一种格式。

请告知如何解决此类问题？

我尝试使用strptime包中的datetime，但是我需要指定格式，并且每次都可以不同。

Answer 1

感谢这个amazing来源！为其他人发布：

dateutil

dateutil模块是datetime模块的扩展。我们不需要传递任何解析代码来解析字符串。例如：

from dateutil.parser import parse

datetime = parse('2018-06-29 22:21:41')

print(datetime)
This parse function will parse the string automatically and store it in the datetime variable. Parsing is done automatically. You don't have to mention any format string. Let's try to parse different types of strings using dateutil:

from dateutil.parser import parse

date_array = [
    '2018-06-29 08:15:27.243860',
    'Jun 28 2018  7:40AM',
    'Jun 28 2018 at 7:40AM',
    'September 18, 2017, 22:19:55',
    'Sun, 05/12/1999, 12:30PM',
    'Mon, 21 March, 2015',
    '2018-03-12T10:12:45Z',
    '2018-06-29 17:08:00.586525+00:00',
    '2018-06-29 17:08:00.586525+05:00',
    'Tuesday , 6th September, 2017 at 4:30pm'
]

for date in date_array:
    print('Parsing: ' + date)
    dt = parse(date)
    print(dt.date())
    print(dt.time())
    print(dt.tzinfo)
    print('\n')

Output:

$ python3 dateutil-1.py
Parsing: 2018-06-29 08:15:27.243860
2018-06-29
08:15:27.243860
None

Parsing: Jun 28 2018  7:40AM
2018-06-28
07:40:00
None

Parsing: Jun 28 2018 at 7:40AM
2018-06-28
07:40:00
None

Parsing: September 18, 2017, 22:19:55
2017-09-18
22:19:55
None

Parsing: Sun, 05/12/1999, 12:30PM
1999-05-12
12:30:00
None

Parsing: Mon, 21 March, 2015
2015-03-21
00:00:00
None

Parsing: 2018-03-12T10:12:45Z
2018-03-12
10:12:45
tzutc()

Parsing: 2018-06-29 17:08:00.586525+00:00
2018-06-29
17:08:00.586525
tzutc()

Parsing: 2018-06-29 17:08:00.586525+05:00
2018-06-29
17:08:00.586525
tzoffset(None, 18000)

Parsing: Tuesday , 6th September, 2017 at 4:30pm
2017-09-06
16:30:00
None

您可以看到，使用dateutil模块可以轻松解析几乎所有类型的字符串。

Maya

Maya还使解析字符串和更改时区变得非常容易。一些简单的示例如下所示：

import maya

dt = maya.parse('2018-04-29T17:45:25Z').datetime()
print(dt.date())
print(dt.time())
print(dt.tzinfo)
Output:

$ python3 maya-1.py
2018-04-29
17:45:25
UTC
For converting the time to a different timezone:

import maya

dt = maya.parse('2018-04-29T17:45:25Z').datetime(to_timezone='America/New_York', naive=False)
print(dt.date())
print(dt.time())
print(dt.tzinfo)
Output:

$ python3 maya-2.py
2018-04-29
13:45:25
America/New_York

现在不那么容易使用吗？让我们使用与maya相同的字符串集来尝试dateutil：

import maya

date_array = [
    '2018-06-29 08:15:27.243860',
    'Jun 28 2018  7:40AM',
    'Jun 28 2018 at 7:40AM',
    'September 18, 2017, 22:19:55',
    'Sun, 05/12/1999, 12:30PM',
    'Mon, 21 March, 2015',
    '2018-03-12T10:12:45Z',
    '2018-06-29 17:08:00.586525+00:00',
    '2018-06-29 17:08:00.586525+05:00',
    'Tuesday , 6th September, 2017 at 4:30pm'
]

for date in date_array:
    print('Parsing: ' + date)
    dt = maya.parse(date).datetime()
    print(dt)
    print(dt.date())
    print(dt.time())
    print(dt.tzinfo)
Output:

$ python3 maya-3.py
Parsing: 2018-06-29 08:15:27.243860
2018-06-29 08:15:27.243860+00:00
2018-06-29
08:15:27.243860
UTC

Parsing: Jun 28 2018  7:40AM
2018-06-28 07:40:00+00:00
2018-06-28
07:40:00
UTC

Parsing: Jun 28 2018 at 7:40AM
2018-06-28 07:40:00+00:00
2018-06-28
07:40:00
UTC

Parsing: September 18, 2017, 22:19:55
2017-09-18 22:19:55+00:00
2017-09-18
22:19:55
UTC

Parsing: Sun, 05/12/1999, 12:30PM
1999-05-12 12:30:00+00:00
1999-05-12
12:30:00
UTC

Parsing: Mon, 21 March, 2015
2015-03-21 00:00:00+00:00
2015-03-21
00:00:00
UTC

Parsing: 2018-03-12T10:12:45Z
2018-03-12 10:12:45+00:00
2018-03-12
10:12:45
UTC

Parsing: 2018-06-29 17:08:00.586525+00:00
2018-06-29 17:08:00.586525+00:00
2018-06-29
17:08:00.586525
UTC

Parsing: 2018-06-29 17:08:00.586525+05:00
2018-06-29 12:08:00.586525+00:00
2018-06-29
12:08:00.586525
UTC

Parsing: Tuesday , 6th September, 2017 at 4:30pm
2017-09-06 16:30:00+00:00
2017-09-06
16:30:00
UTC

如您所见，所有日期格式都已解析，但是您注意到差异了吗？如果我们不提供时区信息，它将自动将其转换为UTC。因此，请务必注意，如果时间不在UTC中，则需要提供to_timezone和天真参数。

将各种字符串更改为时间戳记Python 3？

1 个答案: