在matplotlib中旋转第二个y轴刻度标签

Question

我需要旋转第二个y轴刻度标签，并在下图中为该轴添加一个标签

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.lines as mlines
import matplotlib.transforms as mtransforms

fig, ax1 = plt.subplots(constrained_layout=True)
x = [61,62,62,59,62,59,62,63,61,60,103,104,109,105,109,105,109,111,110,107]
y = [62,62,62,62,60,60,62,62,62,63,106,107,106,106,105,105,105,106,107,108]
ax1.plot(x,y,'b.')
x2 = [2.2,3.4,4.3,5.1,5.5,5.7]
y2 = [2.3,2.8,3.2,3.9,4.5,5.9]
ax2 = ax1.twinx().twiny()
ax2.tick_params(axis="y",labelrotation=90,direction='out',length=6, width=2, colors='r',grid_color='r', grid_alpha=0.5) #called tick_params before the plot and didn't work
ax2.plot(x2,y2,'r.')
ax2.set_xlim(0,10)
ax2.set_ylim(0,10)
ax2.set_yticklabels(['Label1', 'Label2', 'Label3'], rotation=90) #y ticklabels is not rotating
ax2.set_xlabel('abc', rotation=0, fontsize=20, labelpad=20)
ax2.set_ylabel('abc', rotation=0, fontsize=20, labelpad=20)   #y label is not wroking

plt.yticks(rotation=90)

line = mlines.Line2D([0, 1], [0, 1], color='red')
transform = ax2.transAxes
line.set_transform(transform)
ax2.add_line(line)
plt.show()

这段代码产生了下图

问题是ax2.set_yticklabels和ax2.set_ylabel不起作用。

我想在第二个y轴上添加标签，并旋转该轴的刻度标签。另外，如何控制这些轴上刻度线的位置，我希望它位于第1 y轴和第1 x轴的刻度线的相同位置。因此Label1将向上移动，而0将向右移动

谢谢

Answer 1

实例化ax2 = ax1.twinx().twiny()时，无法再修改y轴。而是创建两个轴并进行相应的修改。修改后的代码，结果如下。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.lines as mlines
import matplotlib.transforms as mtransforms

fig, ax1 = plt.subplots(constrained_layout=True)
x = [61,62,62,59,62,59,62,63,61,60,103,104,109,105,109,105,109,111,110,107]
y = [62,62,62,62,60,60,62,62,62,63,106,107,106,106,105,105,105,106,107,108]
ax1.plot(x,y,'b.')
x2 = [2.2,3.4,4.3,5.1,5.5,5.7]
y2 = [2.3,2.8,3.2,3.9,4.5,5.9]
ax2 = ax1.twinx()  # ax2 handles y
ax3 = ax2.twiny()  # ax3 handles x
ax3.plot(x2,y2,'r.')
ax3.set_xlim(0,10)
ax2.set_ylim(0,10)
ax3.set_xlabel('abc', rotation=0, fontsize=20, labelpad=20)
ax2.set_ylabel('abc', rotation=0, fontsize=20, labelpad=20)   
ax2.tick_params(axis="y",labelrotation=90,direction='out',length=6, width=2, colors='r',grid_color='r', grid_alpha=0.5)
ax2.set_yticklabels(['Label1', 'Label2', 'Label3'], rotation=-90)     
plt.yticks(rotation=90)
line = mlines.Line2D([0, 1], [0, 1], color='red')
transform = ax2.transAxes
line.set_transform(transform)
ax2.add_line(line)
plt.show()

结果图具有所有y标签/刻度线的修改。