具有以下扩展功能:
inline fun <reified OUT> Any.cast(): OUT = this as OUT
inline fun <reified IN, reified OUT: IN> IN.downcast(): OUT = this as OUT
inline fun <reified IN: OUT, reified OUT> IN.upcast(): OUT = this as OUT
我可以这样使用它们:
val x1: Number = 42
val x2: String = "abc"
val x3: Double = 3.14
val y1: Int = x1.downcast<Number, Int>()
val y2: CharSequence = x2.upcast<String, CharSequence>()
val y3: Float = x3.cast<Float>() // dangerous, crash
第一个问题是我必须写:
x1.downcast<Number, Int>()
代替
x1.downcast<Int>()
第二个问题是,即使我实现了x1.upcast<Int>()
语法,IN
通用参数也很容易推导出为Any
,因此它将始终有效,这是不希望的。
以下示例显示了现实生活场景中的简化不良情况:
interface A1Able
class B1Impl : A1Able { val desiredField = 42 }
class C1Impl : A1Able
interface A2Able
class B2Impl : A2Able { val someField: A1Able = C1Impl() }
class C2Impl : A2Able { val someField: A1Able = B1Impl() }
interface A3Able
class B3Impl : A3Able { val someField: A2Able = C2Impl() }
class C3Impl : A3Able { val someField: A2Able = B2Impl() }
interface A4Able
class C4Impl : A4Able { val someField: A3Able = B3Impl() }
fun main() {
val source: A4Able = C4Impl()
val desiredField = ((((source as C4Impl).someField as B3Impl).someField as C2Impl).someField as B1Impl).desiredField
}
这就是我所说的括号地狱。使用语法,我尝试实现以下外观(不安全的强制转换版本):
source.cast<C4Impl>().someField.cast<B3Impl>().someField.cast<C2Impl>().someField.cast<B1Impl>().desiredField
它的语法不是较短的,可读性更强,并且没有括号地狱。问题是我无法通过这种方式进行类型检查,因此我可能会写"abc".cast<Int>()
并导致异常。
如何使它更安全并保持流利的语法?