Question

我有一个特征，该特征具有反序列化关联类型的功能。但是，该关联类型必须具有调用者决定的生存期，因此我有一个单独的特征，我使用了绑定到更高的特征，以便可以在任何生命周期中反序列化它。

我需要使用一个返回此关联类型的闭包。

我有以下代码可以做到这一点：

#![allow(unreachable_code)]

use std::marker::PhantomData;

trait Endpoint: for<'a> EndpointBody<'a> {}
trait EndpointBody<'a> {
    type Out: 'a;
    fn serialize(body: &Self::Out) -> Vec<u8>;
    fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out;
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// Trait object compatible handler
trait Handler {
    fn execute(&self, raw_body: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8>;
}

/// Wraps a function for an endpoint, convertint it to a Handler
struct FnHandler<EP, F>
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out,
{
    func: F,
    _ph: PhantomData<EP>,
}
impl<EP, F> FnHandler<EP, F>
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out,
{
    pub fn new(func: F) -> Self {
        Self {
            func,
            _ph: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}
impl<EP, F> Handler for FnHandler<EP, F>
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out,
{
    fn execute(&self, in_raw_body: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
        let body = (self.func)(in_raw_body);
        let serialized_body = unimplemented!();
        return serialized_body;
    }
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// Collection of handlers
struct Handlers(Vec<Box<dyn Handler>>);
impl Handlers {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self(vec![])
    }

    pub fn handle<EP: 'static, F>(&mut self, func: F)
    where
        EP: Endpoint,
        F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out,
    {
        self.0.push(Box::new(FnHandler::<EP, F>::new(func)));
    }
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

struct MyEndpoint;
struct MyEndpointBody<'a> {
    pub string: &'a str,
}
impl Endpoint for MyEndpoint {}
impl<'a> EndpointBody<'a> for MyEndpoint {
    type Out = MyEndpointBody<'a>;

    fn serialize(body: &Self::Out) -> Vec<u8> {
        unimplemented!()
    }
    fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out {
        unimplemented!()
    }
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

fn main() {
    let mut handlers = Handlers::new();
    handlers.handle::<MyEndpoint, _>(|_body| MyEndpointBody {
        string: "test string",
    });

    handlers.0[1].execute(&[]);
}

我认为应该可以，但是当我检查它时，出现类型错误：

error[E0271]: type mismatch resolving `for<'a> <[closure@src/main.rs:92:38: 94:6] as std::ops::FnOnce<(&'a [u8],)>>::Output == <MyEndpoint as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out`
  --> src/main.rs:92:14
   |
92 |     handlers.handle::<MyEndpoint, _>(|_body| MyEndpointBody {
   |              ^^^^^^ expected struct `MyEndpointBody`, found associated type
   |
   = note:       expected struct `MyEndpointBody<'_>`
           found associated type `<MyEndpoint as EndpointBody<'_>>::Out`
   = note: consider constraining the associated type `<MyEndpoint as EndpointBody<'_>>::Out` to `MyEndpointBody<'_>`
   = note: for more information, visit https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-03-advanced-traits.html

这令人困惑，因为MyEndpoint::Out是MyEndpointBody，我是从闭包中返回的，但是Rust认为它们不是同一类型。我猜是因为Rust为MyEndpointBody类型选择了不兼容的匿名生存期，但是我不知道如何解决这个问题。

如何使此代码起作用，以便可以使用具有HRTB关联类型的闭包？

Answer 1

使用闭包将返回类型包装为新类型可解决此问题：

#![allow(unreachable_code)]

use std::marker::PhantomData;

trait Endpoint: for<'a> EndpointBody<'a> {}
trait EndpointBody<'a> {
    type Out: 'a;
    fn serialize(body: &Self::Out) -> Vec<u8>;
    fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out;
}

struct EPOut<'a, EP: Endpoint>(<EP as EndpointBody<'a>>::Out);

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// Trait object compatible handler
trait Handler {
    fn execute(&self, raw_body: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8>;
}

/// Wraps a function for an endpoint, convertint it to a Handler
struct FnHandler<EP, F>
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> EPOut<'a, EP>,
{
    func: F,
    _ph: PhantomData<EP>,
}
impl<EP, F> FnHandler<EP, F>
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> EPOut<'a, EP>,
{
    pub fn new(func: F) -> Self {
        Self {
            func,
            _ph: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}
impl<EP, F> Handler for FnHandler<EP, F>
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> EPOut<'a, EP>,
{
    fn execute(&self, in_raw_body: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
        let body = (self.func)(in_raw_body);
        let serialized_body = unimplemented!();
        return serialized_body;
    }
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// Collection of handlers
struct Handlers(Vec<Box<dyn Handler>>);
impl Handlers {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self(vec![])
    }

    pub fn handle<EP: 'static, F>(&mut self, func: F)
    where
        EP: Endpoint,
        F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> EPOut<'a, EP>,
    {
        self.0.push(Box::new(FnHandler::<EP, F>::new(func)));
    }
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

struct MyEndpoint;
struct MyEndpointBody<'a> {
    pub string: &'a str,
}
impl Endpoint for MyEndpoint {}
impl<'a> EndpointBody<'a> for MyEndpoint {
    type Out = MyEndpointBody<'a>;

    fn serialize(body: &Self::Out) -> Vec<u8> {
        unimplemented!()
    }
    fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out {
        unimplemented!()
    }
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

fn main() {
    let mut handlers = Handlers::new();
    handlers.handle::<MyEndpoint, _>(|_body| EPOut(MyEndpointBody {
        string: "test string",
    }));

    handlers.0[1].execute(&[]);
}

考虑到newtype应该与关联的类型几乎相同，因此我很想说这是Rust编译器的错误。似乎还有一些与使用HRTB相关类型有关的ICE：https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/62529

Answer 2

请问您可以检查that

trait Endpoint: for<'a> DeserializeBody<'a> {}
trait DeserializeBody<'a> {
    type Out: 'a;
    fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out;
}

fn store_ep<'a, EP, F>(func: F)
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as DeserializeBody<'a>>::Out,
{
    let _ = Box::new(func);
    unimplemented!();
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

struct MyEndpoint;
struct MyEndpointBody<'a> {
    pub string: &'a str,
}
impl Endpoint for MyEndpoint {}
impl<'a> DeserializeBody<'a> for MyEndpoint {
    type Out = MyEndpointBody<'a>;
    fn deserialize(raw_body: &'a [u8]) -> Self::Out {
        unimplemented!();
    }
}

// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

fn main() {
    store_ep::<MyEndpoint, _>(|raw_body| MyEndpointBody { string: "test" });
}

Answer 3

将DeserializeBody定义为：

trait DeserializeBody {
    type Out;
    fn deserialize(raw_body: &[u8]) -> Self::Out;
}

Out是泛型类型的声明。不要在此处声明生命周期限制，它将在定义站点上明确显示。

这时，Endpoint的更高等级特质绑定不再必要：

trait Endpoint: DeserializeBody {}

trait DeserializeBody {
    type Out;
    fn deserialize(raw_body: &[u8]) -> Self::Out;
}

在定义站点，必须为关联的类型Out表达生存期要求。如果DeserializeBody不再是通用名称，则MyEndpoint必须是：

impl<'a> DeserializeBody for MyEndpoint<'a> {
    type Out = MyEndpointBody<'a>;

    ...

要实现这种要求，我们可以求助于需要寿命'a的幻像类型。

将所有部分放在一起：

use core::marker::PhantomData;

trait Endpoint: DeserializeBody {}

trait DeserializeBody {
    type Out;
    fn deserialize(raw_body: &[u8]) -> Self::Out;
}

fn store_ep<EP, F>(func: F)
where
    EP: Endpoint,
    F: 'static + for<'a> Fn(&'a [u8]) -> <EP as DeserializeBody>::Out,
{
    let _ = Box::new(func);
    unimplemented!();
}

struct MyEndpoint<'a> {
    phantom: PhantomData<&'a ()>
}

struct MyEndpointBody<'a> {
    pub string: &'a str,
}

impl<'a> Endpoint for MyEndpoint<'a> {}

impl<'a> DeserializeBody for MyEndpoint<'a> {
    type Out = MyEndpointBody<'a>;

    fn deserialize(raw_body: &[u8]) -> Self::Out {
        unimplemented!();
    }
}

fn main() {
    store_ep::<MyEndpoint, _>(|raw_body| MyEndpointBody { string: "test" });
}

Answer 4

我认为问题是您要求处理程序能够使用HK约束处理所有个可能的生命周期-编译器无法证明该生命周期已得到验证，因此无法进行等效处理{ {1}}。

相反，如果您将处理程序参数化为一个唯一的生存期，则似乎可以根据需要进行编译（playground link）：

System.Threading.SynchronizationContext.Current

如何从高阶特征绑定特征返回关联类型？

4 个答案: