我正在调整Bert，并且遇到OOM问题。我听说解决此问题的一个好方法是使用“渐变累加”。下面是我的optimization.py（包括渐变累积）
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import re
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.python.training import optimizer
from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
def create_optimizer(loss, init_lr, num_train_steps, num_warmup_steps, use_tpu):
"""Creates an optimizer training op."""
global_step = tf.train.get_or_create_global_step()
learning_rate = tf.constant(value=init_lr, shape=[], dtype=tf.float32)
# Implements linear decay of the learning rate.
learning_rate = tf.train.polynomial_decay(
learning_rate,
global_step,
num_train_steps,
end_learning_rate=0.0,
power=1.0,
cycle=False)
# Implements linear warmup. I.e., if global_step < num_warmup_steps, the
# learning rate will be `global_step/num_warmup_steps * init_lr`.
if num_warmup_steps:
global_steps_int = tf.cast(global_step, tf.int32)
warmup_steps_int = tf.constant(num_warmup_steps, dtype=tf.int32)
global_steps_float = tf.cast(global_steps_int, tf.float32)
warmup_steps_float = tf.cast(warmup_steps_int, tf.float32)
warmup_percent_done = global_steps_float / warmup_steps_float
warmup_learning_rate = init_lr * warmup_percent_done
is_warmup = tf.cast(global_steps_int < warmup_steps_int, tf.float32)
learning_rate = (
(1.0 - is_warmup) * learning_rate + is_warmup * warmup_learning_rate)
# It is recommended that you use this optimizer for fine tuning, since this
# is how the model was trained (note that the Adam m/v variables are NOT
# loaded from init_checkpoint.)
optimizer = MultistepAdamWeightDecayOptimizer(
learning_rate=learning_rate,
weight_decay_rate=0.01,
beta_1=0.9,
beta_2=0.999, # 0.98 ONLY USED FOR PRETRAIN. MUST CHANGE AT FINE-TUNING 0.999,
epsilon=1e-6,
exclude_from_weight_decay=["LayerNorm", "layer_norm", "bias"])
if use_tpu:
optimizer = tf.contrib.tpu.CrossShardOptimizer(optimizer)
tvars = tf.trainable_variables()
grads = tf.gradients(loss, tvars)
# This is how the model was pre-trained.
(grads, _) = tf.clip_by_global_norm(grads, clip_norm=1.0)
train_op = optimizer.apply_gradients(
zip(grads, tvars), global_step=global_step)
# Normally the global step update is done inside of `apply_gradients`.
# However, `AdamWeightDecayOptimizer` doesn't do this. But if you use
# a different optimizer, you should probably take this line out.
new_global_step = global_step + 1
train_op = tf.group(train_op, [global_step.assign(new_global_step)])
return train_op
class MultistepAdamWeightDecayOptimizer(optimizer.Optimizer):
"""A basic Adam optimizer that includes "correct" L2 weight decay."""
def __init__(self,
learning_rate,
weight_decay_rate=0.0,
beta_1=0.9,
beta_2=0.999,
n = 1,
epsilon=1e-6,
exclude_from_weight_decay=None,
name="MultistepAdamWeightDecayOptimizer"):
"""Constructs a AdamWeightDecayOptimizer."""
super(MultistepAdamWeightDecayOptimizer, self).__init__(False, name)
self.learning_rate = learning_rate
self.weight_decay_rate = weight_decay_rate
self.beta_1 = beta_1
self.beta_2 = beta_2
self.epsilon = epsilon
self._n = n
self.exclude_from_weight_decay = exclude_from_weight_decay
self._n_t = None
def _prepare(self):
super(MultistepAdamWeightDecayOptimizer, self)._prepare()
self._n_t=tf.convert_to_tensor(self._n, name="n")
def _create_slots(self,var_list):
super(MultistepAdamWeightDecayOptimizer, self)._create_slots(var_list)
first_var = min(var_list, key=lambda x: x.name)
self._create_non_slot_variable(initial_value=0 if self._n == 1 else 1,
name="iter",
colocate_with=first_var)
for v in var_list:
self._zeros_slot(v,"grad_acc",self._name)
def _get_iter_variable(self):
if tf.contrib.eager.in_eager_mode():
graph = None
else:
graph = tf.get_default_graph()
return self._get_non_slot_variable("iter", graph=graph)
def apply_gradients(self, grads_and_vars, global_step=None, name=None):
"""See base class."""
update_ops = []
var_list = [v for g, v in grads_and_vars if g is not None]
with ops.init_scope():
self._create_slots(var_list)
self._prepare()
for(grad, param) in grads_and_vars:
if grad is None or param is None:
continue
grad_acc = self.get_slot(param, "grad_acc")
param_name = self._get_variable_name(params.name)
m = tf.get_variable(name=param_name + "/adam_m", shape=param.shape.as_list(),
dtype=tf.float32,trainable=False, initializer=tf.zeros_initializer())
v = tf.get_variable(name =param_name + "/adam_v", shape=param.sahpe.as_list(),
dtype=tf.float32, trainable=False, initializer=tf.zeros_initializer())
def _apply_adam(grad_acc, grad, param, m, v):
total_grad = (grad_acc + grad) / tf.cast(self._n_t, grad.dtype)
next_m = (
tf.multiply(self.beta_1, m) + tf.multiply(1.0 - self.beta_1, total_grad))
next_v = (
tf.multiply(self.beta_2, v) + tf.multiply(1.0 - self.beta_2,
tf.square(total_grad)))
update = next_m / (tf.sqrt(next_v) + self.epsilon)
if self._do_use_weight_decay(param_name):
update += self.weight_decay_rate * param
update_with_lr =self.learning_rate * update
next_param = param - update_with_lr
adam_op = tf.group(param.assign(next_param), m.assign(next_m),
v.assign(next_v))
with tf.control_dependencies([adam_op]):
grad_acc_to_zero_op = grad_acc.assign(tf.zero_like(grad_acc), use_locking=self._use_locking)
return tf.group(adam_op, grad_acc_to_zero_op)
def _accumulate_gradient(grad_acc, grad):
assign_up = tf.assign_add(grad_acc, grad, use_locking=self._use_locking)
return tf.group(assign_op)
update_op = tf.cond(tf.equal(self._get_iter_variable(),0),
lambda: _apply_adam(grad_acc, grad, param,m, v),
lambda: _accumulate_gradient(grad_acc, grad))
update_ops.append(update_op)
apply_updates = self._finish(update_ops, name_scope=name)
return apply_updates
def _finish(self, update_ops, name_scope):
iter_=self._get_iter_variable()
with tf.control_dependencies(update_ops):
with tf.colocate_with(iter_):
update_iter = iter_.assign(tf.mod(iter_+1, self._n_t),
use_locking=self._use_locking)
return tf.group(
*update_ops + [update_iter], name=name_scope)
def _do_use_weight_decay(self, param_name):
"""Whether to use L2 weight decay for `param_name`."""
if not self.weight_decay_rate:
return False
if self.exclude_from_weight_decay:
for r in self.exclude_from_weight_decay:
if re.search(r, param_name) is not None:
return False
return True
def _get_variable_name(self, param_name):
"""Get the variable name from the tensor name."""
m = re.match("^(.*):\\d+$", param_name)
if m is not None:
param_name = m.group(1)
return param_name
使用了optimization.py之后，我可以使用大批处理。但是损失并没有减少，经过300个步骤（我得到了550000个训练数据，批处理大小64，迭代1000和时期20），它说：训练循环标记为完成并停止。 我不确定是什么问题，请您帮帮我吗？谢谢。