简短地说:
这可能吗?还是有什么特别的建议(即仅使用一张画布或另一幅画布)?
下面是一些快速代码:
import tkinter as tk
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
class MyApp(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
tk.Tk.__init__(self)
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, width=500, height=500, cursor="cross")
self.canvas.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
def draw_image_and_button(self):
self.figure_obj = Figure()
a = self.figure_obj.add_axes([0, 0, 1, 1])
imgplot = a.imshow(some_preloaded_data_array, cmap='gray')
# create tkagg canvas
self.canvas_agg = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.figure_obj, master=self.canvas)
self.canvas_agg.draw()
self.canvas_agg.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
# attempt to draw rectangle
self.rectangle = self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 100, fill='red')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = MyApp()
app.draw_image()
app.mainloop()
我的意思是我看到在图像之前绘制了矩形。也许是我对FigureCanvasTkAgg如何附加到tk.canvas上缺乏了解
谢谢!
答案 0 :(得分:0)
好的,这是我最近开发的应用程序,其中有matplotlib小部件和鼠标事件。您也可以使用tkinter小部件,但是我找不到将它们放在matplolib画布顶部的方法。就个人而言,我比tkinter部件更喜欢matplotlib部件,因此我认为它还不错。
您唯一需要采取的步骤是修改matplotlib源代码,因为您需要将画布传递给widget类,而默认情况下,widget会使用图画布,当嵌入tk时它将不起作用(按钮会无反应)。修改实际上很简单,但让我们按顺序进行。
class AxesWidget(Widget)
(在第90行附近)并使用以下代码修改__init__
方法:def __init__(self, ax, canvas=None):
self.ax = ax
if canvas is None:
self.canvas = ax.figure.canvas
else:
self.canvas = canvas
self.cids = []
如您所见,与原始代码相比,我添加了关键字参数canvas=None
。这样就可以保留原始功能,但是现在您可以将画布传递给小部件。
FigureCanvasTkAgg
创建的matplolib画布。例如,对于Button
,您将编写from matplotlib.widgets import Button
ok_button = Button(ax_ok_button, 'Ok', canvas=canvas) # canvas created with FigureCanvasTkAgg
好吧,现在我们拥有在tk中嵌入matplolib画布上具有matplolib小部件所需的所有功能,此外,您还可以拥有鼠标和按键事件,我猜想它涵盖了您对GUI的期望的95%。请注意,如果您不想修改原始源代码,则可以创建自己的复制AxesWidget
类的类。
您可以在https://matplotlib.org/3.1.1/api/widgets_api.html
上找到所有可用的matplolib小部件。这是您应用的修改版本,我们将所有内容放在一起:
将tkinter导入为tk 从matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg导入FigureCanvasTkAgg,NavigationToolbar2Tk 从matplotlib.figure导入图 从matplotlib.widgets导入按钮 将numpy导入为np
class MyApp(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
tk.Tk.__init__(self)
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, width=500, height=500, cursor="cross")
self.canvas.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
def draw_image_and_button(self):
self.figure_obj = Figure()
self.ax = self.figure_obj.add_subplot()
self.figure_obj.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.25)
some_preloaded_data_array = np.zeros((600,600))
imgplot = self.ax.imshow(some_preloaded_data_array, cmap='gray')
# create tkagg canvas
self.canvas_agg = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.figure_obj, master=self.canvas)
self.canvas_agg.draw()
self.canvas_agg.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
# add matplolib toolbar
toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas_agg, self.canvas)
toolbar.update()
self.canvas_agg._tkcanvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
# add matplolib widgets
self.ax_ok_B = self.figure_obj.add_subplot(position=[0.2, 0.2, 0.1, 0.03]) # axes position doesn't really matter here because we have the resize event that adjusts widget position
self.ok_B = Button(self.ax_ok_B, 'Ok', canvas=self.canvas_agg)
# add tkinter widgets (outside of the matplolib canvas)
button = tk.Button(master=self, text="Quit", command=self._quit)
button.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM)
# Connect to Events
self.ok_B.on_clicked(self.ok)
self.canvas_agg.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.press)
self.canvas_agg.mpl_connect('button_release_event', self.release)
self.canvas_agg.mpl_connect('resize_event', self.resize)
self.canvas_agg.mpl_connect("key_press_event", self.on_key_press)
self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.abort_exec)
def abort_exec(self):
print('Closing with \'x\' is disabled. Please use quit button')
def _quit(self):
print('Bye bye')
self.quit()
self.destroy()
def ok(self, event):
print('Bye bye')
self.quit()
self.destroy()
def press(self, event):
button = event.button
print('You pressed button {}'.format(button))
if event.inaxes == self.ax and event.button == 3:
self.xp = int(event.xdata)
self.yp = int(event.ydata)
self.cid = (self.canvas_agg).mpl_connect('motion_notify_event',
self.draw_line)
self.pltLine = Line2D([self.xp, self.xp], [self.yp, self.yp])
def draw_line(self, event):
if event.inaxes == self.ax and event.button == 3:
self.yd = int(event.ydata)
self.xd = int(event.xdata)
self.pltLine.set_visible(False)
self.pltLine = Line2D([self.xp, self.xd], [self.yp, self.yd], color='r')
self.ax.add_line(self.pltLine)
(self.canvas_agg).draw_idle()
def release(self, event):
button = event.button
(self.canvas_agg).mpl_disconnect(self.cid)
print('You released button {}'.format(button))
def on_key_press(self, event):
print("you pressed {}".format(event.key))
# Resize event is needed if you want your widget to move together with the plot when you resize the window
def resize(self, event):
ax_ok_left, ax_ok_bottom, ax_ok_right, ax_ok_top = self.ax.get_position().get_points().flatten()
B_h = 0.08 # button width
B_w = 0.2 # button height
B_sp = 0.08 # space between plot and button
self.ax_ok_B.set_position([ax_ok_right-B_w, ax_ok_bottom-B_h-B_sp, B_w, B_h])
print('Window was resized')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = MyApp()
app.draw_image_and_button()
app.mainloop()
好,让我们看看这个应用程序的功能:
我还随意添加了经典的matplotlib工具栏以用于其他功能,例如缩放。
请注意,图像图是通过add_suplot()
方法添加的,该方法添加了调整大小的功能。这样,当您调整窗口大小时,绘图会相应缩放。
在我实现的大多数事情中,您也可以从matplotlib的官方教程中找到有关如何嵌入tk(https://matplotlib.org/3.1.3/gallery/user_interfaces/embedding_in_tk_sgskip.html)的信息。
让我知道这是否回答了您的问题。我想分享它,因为几天前我实际上开发了非常相似的东西。