我想通过使用ctypes在一些Python代码中使用C库。 我的问题是我不知道C.我一直在尝试阅读代码和C结构几天,但我遇到了一个问题。我也是Python的新手,因为我目前正在从Matlab进行切换,因此我的Python仅限于科学的Python应用程序。这个问题非常具体,但我认为解决方案是一般的C库/ Python链接兴趣。
我正在使用一个名为Iphreeqc的图书馆,这是一个地球化学模型,来自http://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_coupled/phreeqc/index.html'(iphreeqc-2.18.0-5314.tar .gz,源自OS X 10.6。由于SO垃圾邮件防护而无法正常工作。)我想将C库中的评估值提取到Python中。
我怀疑我在Python代码的结构和联合部分出错,但我似乎无法弄明白。
Python代码:
import ctypes
iphreeqc = ctypes.CDLL("libiphreeqc.0.dylib", ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL)
# C structures from var.h
class VAR_TYPE(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
("TT_EMPTY",ctypes.c_int),
("TT_ERROR",ctypes.c_int),
("TT_LONG",ctypes.c_int),
("TT_DOUBLE",ctypes.c_int),
("TT_STRING",ctypes.c_int)]
(TT_EMPTY,
TT_ERROR,
TT_LONG,
TT_DOUBLE,
TT_STRING)=map(ctypes.c_int, xrange(5))
class VRESULT(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
("VR_OK",ctypes.c_int),
("VR_OUTOFMEMORY",ctypes.c_int),
("VR_BADVARTYPE",ctypes.c_int),
("VR_INVALIDARG",ctypes.c_int),
("VR_INVALIDROW",ctypes.c_int),
("VR_INVALIDCOL",ctypes.c_int)]
(VR_OK,
VR_OUTOFMEMORY,
VR_BADVARTYPE,
VR_INVALIDARG,
VR_INVALIDROW,
VR_INVALIDCOL)=map(ctypes.c_int, xrange(0,-6,-1))
class _U(ctypes.Union):
_fields_ = [("lVal", ctypes.c_long),
("dVal", ctypes.c_double),
("sVal", ctypes.c_char),
("vresult", VRESULT)]
class VAR(ctypes.Structure):
_anonymous_ = ("pvar",)
_fields_ = [
("pvar", _U),
("type", VAR_TYPE)]
# Run model
Id=iphreeqc.CreateIPhreeqc()
dbloade = iphreeqc.LoadDatabase(Id,"phreeqc.dat")
estring=iphreeqc.OutputErrorString(Id)
# Model input
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id,"TITLE Example 2.--Temperature dependence of solubility")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," of gypsum and anhydrite ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id,"SOLUTION 1 Pure water ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," pH 7.0 ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," temp 25.0 ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id,"EQUILIBRIUM_PHASES 1 ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," Gypsum 0.0 1.0 ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," Anhydrite 0.0 1.0 ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id,"REACTION_TEMPERATURE 1 ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," 25.0 75.0 in 50 steps ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id,"SELECTED_OUTPUT ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," -file ex2.sel ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," -user_punch true ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," -reset false ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," -simulation false ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," -selected_out true ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," USER_PUNCH ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," -start ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," 10 punch - LA('H+') ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id," -end ")
iphreeqc.AccumulateLine(Id,"END ")
# run model
runout=iphreeqc.RunAccumulated(Id)
estring2=iphreeqc.OutputErrorString(Id)
a=iphreeqc.GetSelectedOutputRowCount(Id)
b=iphreeqc.GetSelectedOutputColumnCount(Id)
print a
print b # this works, gives correct number of rows and columns
vart=VAR()
iphreeqc.VarInit(ctypes.byref(vart))
c=iphreeqc.GetSelectedOutputValue(Id, 43, 0, ctypes.byref(vart)) #tries to extract value from row 43, column 1
print c # c is here VRESULT. this works properly giving the right error number (0 to -6). Gives 0 in this case which is VR_OK
所选行,列中的值是double,但我也尝试使用字符串值和long(整数)值,但没有成功。 我希望vart.dVal(或字符串或长的情况下的.sVal或lVal)包含我想要的值,但事实并非如此。 我还希望VAR_TYPE中的一个TT_字段为1,但它们都是0。 似乎.dVal,.sVal和.lVal实际上包含VAR_TYPE编号(介于0和4之间),并正确报告(即3表示double类型,2表示long)。
我的问题是:如何修复代码以使VAR_TYPE字段反映变量类型,该类型现在在.lVal字段中返回。 如何获取我想要提取到正确的vart.xVal字段的值?我在Python结构/联合代码中缺少一些指针吗?
结构和联合所在的C源(Var.h):
http://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_coupled/iphreeqc/Var_8h_source.html
我尝试在Python中重现的一个C示例(v是我的Python代码中的变量'vart',我现在忽略了循环等):
VAR v;
VarInit(&v);
printf("selected-output:\n");
for (i = 0; i < GetSelectedOutputRowCount(id); ++i) {
for (j = 0; j < GetSelectedOutputColumnCount(id); ++j) {
if (GetSelectedOutputValue(id, i, j, &v) == VR_OK) {
switch (v.type) {
case TT_LONG:
printf("%ld ", v.lVal);
break;
case TT_DOUBLE:
printf("%g ", v.dVal);
break;
case TT_STRING:
printf("%s ", v.sVal);
break;
}
}
VarClear(&v);
}
printf("\n");
}
C示例取自:(向下滚动一下) http://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_coupled/iphreeqc/IPhreeqc_8h.html#a9f0ffd11e25a7e8f05d800623b14acf5
我在OS X 10.6.6上使用ctypes 1.1.0,Python 2.6.6
对不起这个问题的长度,希望一些聪明的头脑可以帮助我,或指出我正确的方向。
非常感谢
答案 0 :(得分:2)
一个问题是枚举不是结构。还要确保结构中的字段与C标题的顺序相同('type'首先出现)。试试这个:
import ctypes
VAR_TYPE = ctypes.c_int
TT_EMPTY = 0
TT_ERROR = 1
TT_LONG = 2
TT_DOUBLE = 3
TT_STRING = 4
VRESULT = ctypes.c_int
VR_OK = 0
VR_OUTOFMEMORY = -1
VR_BADVARTYPE = -2
VR_INVALIDARG = -3
VR_INVALIDROW = -4
VR_INVALIDCOL = -5
class _U(ctypes.Union):
_fields_ = [
('lVal',ctypes.c_long),
('dVal',ctypes.c_double),
('sVal',ctypes.c_char_p),
('vresult',VRESULT)]
class VAR(ctypes.Structure):
_anonymous_ = ('u',)
_fields_ = [
('type',VAR_TYPE),
('u',_U)]
答案 1 :(得分:1)
PhreeqPy(http://www.phreeqpy.com)应该可以解决您的问题。 免责声明:我是作者。
PhreeqPy是IPhreeqc COM / DLL /共享库的包装器。 您应该通过Linux或Linux上的共享库获取COM功能 Mac OS。
以下是处理union和结构的代码部分:
class VARUNION(ctypes.Union):
# pylint: disable-msg=R0903
# no methods
"""Union with types.
See Var.h in PHREEQC source.
"""
c_int = ctypes.c_int
_fields_ = [('long_value', ctypes.c_long),
('double_value', ctypes.c_double),
('string_value', ctypes.c_char_p),
('error_code', c_int)]
class VAR(ctypes.Structure):
# pylint: disable-msg=R0903
# no methods
"""Struct with data type and data values.
See Var.h in PHREEQC source.
"""
c_int = ctypes.c_int
_fields_ = [('type', c_int),
('value', VARUNION)]