尝试在Ubuntu EC2实例上安装keras和tensorflow时遇到一些问题。
我在库中加载并尝试安装keras。
library(keras)
library(tensorflow)
install_keras(tensorflow = "gpu")
我得到以下错误：
Error: could not find a Python environment for /usr/bin/python
我还运行了以下命令以及一些其他终端命令来尝试安装conda和python等。
sudo apt install git libpython3.7-dev
我还跟随keras.io网站尝试安装它。我在服务器上有一个名为/usr/bin/python3.6:的文件夹，但是当我尝试访问它时，出现错误Directory /usr/bin/python3.6: no such file or directory。我在服务器的home目录中有两个用户帐户（以及两个同名文件夹）ubuntu和myUsername_folder。
在/home/myUsername_folder中，我有.rstudio个文件。 （/home/myUsername_folder/.rstudio）和一些数据集。
在home/ubuntu文件夹中，我安装了R /home/ubuntu/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6。
在/根目录中，我有usr，var，lib64，tmp，bin等文件夹。
如何告诉R Python在哪里？
编辑：
我重新启动RStudio并运行：
> library(keras)
> library(tensorflow)
> install_keras(tensorflow = "gpu")
Using virtual environment '~/.virtualenvs/r-reticulate' ...
/home/myUser/.virtualenvs/r-reticulate/bin/python: No module named pip
Error in strsplit(output, "\\s+")[[1]] : subscript out of bounds
In addition: Warning message:
In system2(python, c("-m", "pip", "--version"), stdout = TRUE) :
running command ''/home/myUser/.virtualenvs/r-reticulate/bin/python' -m pip --version' had status 1
尝试使用以下方法安装pip：
sudo apt-get install python3-pip
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
python3-pip is already the newest version (9.0.1-2.3~ubuntu1.18.04.1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 39 not upgraded.
我运行了以下命令来安装Anaconda：
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2019.10-Linux-x86_64.sh bash Anaconda3-2019.10-Linux-x86_64.sh
然后跑了
> install_keras(method = c("conda"),
+ conda = "auto", version = "default", tensorflow = "gpu")
ERROR: The install method you used for conda--probably either `pip install conda`
or `easy_install conda`--is not compatible with using conda as an application.
If your intention is to install conda as a standalone application, currently
supported install methods include the Anaconda installer and the miniconda
installer. You can download the miniconda installer from
https://conda.io/miniconda.html.
Error: Error 1 occurred creating conda environment r-reticulate
编辑：我尝试过：
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
然后在RStudio中
> install_keras(method = c("conda"),
+ conda = "/home/myUser/miniconda3/bin/",
+ version = "default", tensorflow = "gpu")
sh: 1: /home/myuser/miniconda3/bin/: Permission denied
Error: Error 126 occurred creating conda environment r-reticulate
我更改了权限：
sudo chmod -R 777 /home/myUser/miniconda3/bin/
，并在运行install_keras(...)后得到相同的错误。
编辑：
我在RStudio中运行
tf_config()
未安装TensorFlow。
Python environments searched for 'tensorflow' package:
/usr/bin/python3.6
/usr/bin/python3.6
/usr/bin/python2.7
/home/myuser/anaconda3/bin/python3.7
/usr/bin/python3.6
/home/myuser/miniconda3/bin/python3.7
您可以使用install_tensorflow（）函数安装TensorFlow。
install_tensorflow()
错误：找不到/ usr / bin / python的Python环境
我也尝试过use_python("/home/myuser/anaconda3/bin/python3.7")
编辑
上面的问题仍然存在，但是我可以运行以下R代码（“有效”）：
nn_dat = iris %>% as_tibble %>%
mutate(sepal_l_feat = scale(Sepal.Length),
sepal_w_feat = scale(Sepal.Width),
petal_l_feat = scale(Petal.Length),
petal_w_feat = scale(Petal.Width),
class_num = as.numeric(Species) - 1, # factor, so = 0, 1, 2
class_label = Species) %>%
select(contains("feat"), class_num, class_label)
nn_dat %>% head(3)
test_f = 0.20
nn_dat = nn_dat %>%
mutate(partition = sample(c('train','test'), nrow(.), replace = TRUE, prob = c(1 - test_f, test_f)))
x_train = nn_dat %>% filter(partition == 'train') %>% select(contains("feat")) %>% as.matrix
y_train = nn_dat %>% filter(partition == 'train') %>% pull(class_num) %>% to_categorical(3)
x_test = nn_dat %>% filter(partition == 'test') %>% select(contains("feat")) %>% as.matrix
y_test = nn_dat %>% filter(partition == 'test') %>% pull(class_num) %>% to_categorical(3)
model = keras_model_sequential()
model %>%
layer_dense(units = 4, activation = 'relu', input_shape = 4) %>%
layer_dense(units = 3, activation = 'softmax')
model %>% summary
model %>% compile(
loss = 'categorical_crossentropy',
optimizer = optimizer_rmsprop(),
metrics = c('accuracy')
)
history = model %>% fit(
x = x_train, y = y_train,
epochs = 200,
batch_size = 20,
validation_split = 0
)
plot(history)
我在这里收到此消息：
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:516: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.
_np_qint8 = np.dtype([("qint8", np.int8, 1)])
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:517: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.
_np_quint8 = np.dtype([("quint8", np.uint8, 1)])
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:518: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.
_np_qint16 = np.dtype([("qint16", np.int16, 1)])
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:519: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.
_np_quint16 = np.dtype([("quint16", np.uint16, 1)])
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:520: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.
_np_qint32 = np.dtype([("qint32", np.int32, 1)])
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:525: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.
np_resource = np.dtype([("resource", np.ubyte, 1)])
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorboard/compat/tensorflow_stub/dtypes.py:541: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.
_np_qint8 = np.dtype([("qint8", np.int8, 1)])
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorboard/compat/tensorflow_stub/dtypes.py:542: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.
_np_quint8 = np.dtype([("quint8", np.uint8, 1)])
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorboard/compat/tensorflow_stub/dtypes.py:543: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.
_np_qint16 = np.dtype([("qint16", np.int16, 1)])
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorboard/compat/tensorflow_stub/dtypes.py:544: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.
_np_quint16 = np.dtype([("quint16", np.uint16, 1)])
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorboard/compat/tensorflow_stub/dtypes.py:545: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.
_np_qint32 = np.dtype([("qint32", np.int32, 1)])
/home/myuser/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorboard/compat/tensorflow_stub/dtypes.py:550: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.
np_resource = np.dtype([("resource", np.ubyte, 1)])
WARNING:tensorflow:
The TensorFlow contrib module will not be included in TensorFlow 2.0.
For more information, please see:
* https://github.com/tensorflow/community/blob/master/rfcs/20180907-contrib-sunset.md
* https://github.com/tensorflow/addons
* https://github.com/tensorflow/io (for I/O related ops)
If you depend on functionality not listed there, please file an issue.
2020-01-21 21:49:45.344207: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:142] Your CPU supports instructions that this TensorFlow binary was not compiled to use: AVX2 FMA
2020-01-21 21:49:45.384211: I tensorflow/core/platform/profile_utils/cpu_utils.cc:94] CPU Frequency: 2400050000 Hz
2020-01-21 21:49:45.384567: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:168] XLA service 0x55fc4e3c43b0 executing computations on platform Host. Devices:
2020-01-21 21:49:45.384598: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:175] StreamExecutor device (0): <undefined>, <undefined>
2020-01-21 21:49:45.448620: W tensorflow/compiler/jit/mark_for_compilation_pass.cc:1412] (One-time warning): Not using XLA:CPU for cluster because envvar TF_XLA_FLAGS=--tf_xla_cpu_global_jit was not set. If you want XLA:CPU, either set that envvar, or use experimental_jit_scope to enable XLA:CPU. To confirm that XLA is active, pass --vmodule=xla_compilation_cache=1 (as a proper command-line flag, not via TF_XLA_FLAGS) or set the envvar XLA_FLAGS=--xla_hlo_profile.
然后运行：
perf = model %>% evaluate(x_test, y_test)
print(perf)
$loss
[1] 0.2995828
$acc
[1] 0.84375
所以我可以使用keras和tensor流，但是仍然收到上面的错误消息。
答案 0 :(得分：2)
好吧，我以前从未使用过R，但是，在使用Tensorflow之类的库时，我也遇到过类似的问题。在为深度学习工作安装Tensorflow和Keras时，我遇到了同样的问题。 就我而言，我发现孔问题是由于Tensorflow库本身引起的。我使用Windows，但这在Linux上也可以使用，所以我所做的是：
这应该有效，希望对您有所帮助。这种方式比传统的pip安装过程更加清晰明了。请注意，Tensorflow不是一个简单的库，通过使用此方法，ANACONDA导航器可以很好地组织传送，而不会出现将来的错误。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
确保正确安装了conda或virtualenv。