Question

我有这个字符串，我想用“，”分割它

x = 'a, b, c , d , "x,x,2" , hi'
x.split(',')

这是我的真实字符串

x = 'Outward   ,Supply , ,Tax Invoice ,IN9195212470,31/12/2019,VPS AGRO & AUTO PVT LTD ,311954,06AAACV9344F1ZA ,"VILLAGE KHANPUR KOLIAN, N.H. 1 ",6 K.M. FRO,KURUKSHETRA   ,HARYANA ,136131,VPS AGRO & AUTO PVT LTD ,311954,"VILLAGE KHANPUR KOLIAN, N.H. 1",6 K.M. FRO,KURUKSHETRA                             ,HARYANA             ,136131,503675,SM VAL. GENUINE DIESEL ENG. OIL 1/9 L   ,27101980,360,LTR,58204.04,9,5238.36,9,5238.36,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,68680.76,                    ,                    ,                              ,          ,          ,,               ,          ,06AAACW0287A1ZR   ,VALVOLINE CUMMINS PVT LTD-AMBALA        ,"KHASHRA NO-108/1/2,                                         ",          ,AMBALA                                  ,133004,HARYANA             ,                    ,                  ,                              , ,'

它返回此结果

['a','b','c','d','"x','x','2', 'hi']

但是我想要这个

['a', 'b', 'c' , 'd' , '"x,x,2"' , 'hi']

如何在python中做到这一点

帮帮我

Answer 1

import shlex
lexer = shlex.shlex('a, b, c , d , "x,x,2" , hi')
lexer.whitespace += ','
print(list(lexer))

结果：

['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '"x,x,2"', 'hi']

这是更新任务的更新解决方案：


x = 'Outward   ,Supply , ,Tax Invoice ,IN9195212470,31/12/2019,VPS AGRO & AUTO PVT LTD ,311954,06AAACV9344F1ZA ,"VILLAGE KHANPUR KOLIAN, N.H. 1 ",6 K.M. FRO,KURUKSHETRA   ,HARYANA ,136131,VPS AGRO & AUTO PVT LTD ,311954,"VILLAGE KHANPUR KOLIAN, N.H. 1",6 K.M. FRO,KURUKSHETRA                             ,HARYANA             ,136131,503675,SM VAL. GENUINE DIESEL ENG. OIL 1/9 L   ,27101980,360,LTR,58204.04,9,5238.36,9,5238.36,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,68680.76,                    ,                    ,                              ,          ,          ,,               ,          ,06AAACW0287A1ZR   ,VALVOLINE CUMMINS PVT LTD-AMBALA        ,"KHASHRA NO-108/1/2,                                         ",          ,AMBALA                                  ,133004,HARYANA             ,                    ,                  ,                              , ,'


import shlex
lexer = shlex.shlex(x)
lexer.whitespace = ','
lexer.whitespace_split = True
print([cell.strip() for cell in lexer])

结果：

['Outward', 'Supply', '', 'Tax Invoice', 'IN9195212470', '31/12/2019', 'VPS AGRO & AUTO PVT LTD', '311954', '06AAACV9344F1ZA', '"VILLAGE KHANPUR KOLIAN, N.H. 1 "', '6 K.M. FRO', 'KURUKSHETRA', 'HARYANA', '136131', 'VPS AGRO & AUTO PVT LTD', '311954', '"VILLAGE KHANPUR KOLIAN, N.H. 1"', '6 K.M. FRO', 'KURUKSHETRA', 'HARYANA', '136131', '503675', 'SM VAL. GENUINE DIESEL ENG. OIL 1/9 L', '27101980', '360', 'LTR', '58204.04', '9', '5238.36', '9', '5238.36', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '68680.76', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '06AAACW0287A1ZR', 'VALVOLINE CUMMINS PVT LTD-AMBALA', '"KHASHRA NO-108/1/2,                                         "', '', 'AMBALA', '133004', 'HARYANA', '', '', '', '']

Answer 2

没有内置的程序可以实现这一目标，而无需进行大量的前/后处理数据操作。

shlex.split在此示例中可以使用某种程度的功能，但由于它在空格处分割，因此具有欺骗性。如果仅将2个元素与逗号分隔，则将失败。
ast.literal_eval无效，因为...有些项目不是文字
csv.reader对象几乎可以解决[x.strip() for x in next(csv.reader([x]))]的问题，但由于引号和逗号之间存在空格，引号未正确处理。

但是可以使用简单的状态机遍历每个字符：

x = 'a, b, c , d , "x,x,2" , hi'

in_quote = False
current = []
output = []
for c in x:
    if in_quote:
        current.append(c)
        if c=='"':
            output.append("".join(current))
            current = []
            in_quote = False
        continue

    if c==",":
        output.append("".join(current))
        current = []
    elif c==" ":
        pass
    else:
        current.append(c)
        if c=='"':
            in_quote = True

output.append("".join(current))

结果：

['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '"x,x,2"', '', 'hi']

只需跳过空格，遇到逗号时创建一个新元素，但是如果遇到引号，则有一个标志。

最后，不要忘记遇到字符串结尾时最后一个元素的累积。

Answer 3

仅使用split的解决方案。请注意，它使用f字符串（python 3.6+），但是在较旧的版本中仍然可以实现相同的行为。无需使用正则表达式就可以实现此目的，如下所示：我将注释代码以进行解释：

# First split by double quote
x = x.split('"')
final_x = []
for i in range(len(x)):
    # We know that if the list element is even then it must be outside double quotes
    if i%2 == 0:
        # Split the list by commas and strip any whitespace
        x_element = x[i].split(',')
        x_element = [el.strip() for el in x_element]
        # extend the list
        final_x.extend(x_element)
    else:
        # This is an odd element of the list, therefore inside quotation.
        # put the string back into quotations
        x_element = f'"{x[i]}"'
        #append this to the final list
        final_x.append(x_element)
# filter out any white spaces left from the various splits         
final_x = [el for el in final_x if el !='']

请注意，在追加奇数列表元素和扩展偶数方面的区别。这是因为您正在创建带有拆分的新列表，并且我们想扩展输出，而对于奇数元素，我们想向列表添加新元素，因此我们要追加。

Answer 4

您可以使用正则表达式方法：

RegisterController

这产生

import regex as re

x = 'a, b, c , d , "x,x,2" , hi'

rx = re.compile(
    r"""
    "[^"]*"(*SKIP)(*FAIL)
    |
    \s*,\s*
    """, re.VERBOSE)
lst = rx.split(x)
print(lst)

用特定的逗号分隔不在Python引号内

4 个答案: