我有一个这样的XML文档:
<article>
<author>Smith</author>
<date>2011-10-10</date>
<description>Article about <b>frobnitz</b>, crulps and furtikurty's. Mainly frobnitz</description>
</article>
我需要在Perl中解析它,然后在一些单词或短语周围添加新标签(例如链接到定义)。我只想标记目标词的第一个实例,并将我的搜索范围缩小到给定标记中的内容(例如仅描述标记)。
我可以使用XML::Twig进行解析,并为description标记设置“twig_handler”。但是当我调用 $ node-&gt; text 时,我会删除带有插入标签的文本。我真正要做的是遍历(非常小)树,以便保留现有标签而不会破坏。因此,最终的XML输出应如下所示:
<article>
<author>Smith</author>
<date>2011-10-10</date>
<description>Article about <b><a href="dictionary.html#frobnitz">frobnitz</a></b>, <a href="dictionary.html#crulps">crulps</a> and <a href="dictionary.html#furtikurty">furtikurty</a>'s. Mainly frobnitz</description>
</article>
我在目标环境中也有XML::LibXML可用,但我不确定如何从那里开始......
到目前为止,这是我的最小测试用例。感谢任何帮助!
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use XML::Twig;
my %dictionary = (
frobnitz => 'dictionary.html#frobnitz',
crulps => 'dictionary.html#crulps',
furtykurty => 'dictionary.html#furtykurty',
);
sub markup_plain_text {
my ( $text ) = @_;
foreach my $k ( keys %dictionary ) {
$text =~ s/(^|\W)($k)(\W|$)}/$1<a href="$dictionary{$k}">$2<\/a>$3/si;
}
return $text;
}
sub convert {
my( $t, $node ) = @_;
warn "convert: TEXT=[" . $node->text . "]\n";
$node->set_text( markup_plain_text($node->text) );
return 1;
}
sub markup {
my ( $text ) = @_;
my $t = XML::Twig->new(
twig_handlers => { description => \&convert },
pretty_print => 'indented',
);
$t->parse( $text );
return $t->flush;
}
my $orig = <<END_XML;
<article>
<author>Smith</author>
<date>2011-10-10</date>
<description>Article about <b>frobnitz</b>, crulps and furtikurty's. Mainly frobnitz's</description>
</article>
END_XML
;
markup($orig);
答案 0 :(得分:3)
这是一个有点棘手的问题,但是XML :: Twig是为这种处理而设计的(我大量使用它)。因此,有一种称为mark
的特定方法,它采用正则表达式并标记匹配。
在这种情况下,正则表达式可能会非常大。我使用Regexp :: Assempble来构建它,因此它得到了优化。然后另一个问题是mark
不允许你使用匹配的文本来设置属性(我可能会在模块的下一个版本中使用它,这将是有用的),所以我必须首先标记,然后返回并在第二遍中设置href
属性(无论如何需要第二遍来“取消链接”已经链接的单词)。
最后一句话:我几乎放弃了编写解决方案,因为您的示例数据有一些拼写错误。没有什么比得到正确的代码更糟糕了,只是为了看到测试仍然失败,因为你在代码和数据中的'定义'中使用'字典',或者'furtykurtle','furtikurty'和'furtijurty'它应该全部是同一个词。所以,在发布之前,请确保您的数据是正确的。值得庆幸的是,我正在编写代码作为测试。
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use XML::Twig;
use Regexp::Assemble;
use Test::More tests => 1;
use autodie qw(open);
my %dictionary = (
frobnitz => 'definitions.html#frobnitz',
crulps => 'definitions.html#crulps',
furtikurty => 'definitions.html#furtikurty',
);
my $match_defs= Regexp::Assemble->new()
->add( keys %dictionary)
->anchor_word
->as_string;
# I am not familiar enough with Regexp::Assemble to know a cleaner
# way to get get the capturing braces in the regexp
$match_defs= qr/($match_defs)/;
my $in = data_para();
my $expected = data_para();
my $out;
open( my $out_fh, '>', \$out);
XML::Twig->new( twig_roots => { 'description' => sub { tag_defs( @_, $out_fh, $match_defs, \%dictionary); } },
twig_print_outside_roots => $out_fh,
)
->parse( $in);
is( $out, $expected, 'base test');
exit;
sub tag_defs
{ my( $t, $description, $out_fh, $match_defs, $dictionary)= @_;
my @a= $description->mark( $match_defs, 'a' );
# word => 1 when already used in this description
# this might need to have a different scope if you need to tag
# only the first time the word appears in a section or whatever
my $tagged_in_description;
foreach my $a (@a)
{ my $word= $a->text;
warn "checking a: ", $a->sprint, "\n";
if( $tagged_in_description->{$word})
{ $a->erase; } # we did not need to tag it after all
else
{ $a->set_att( href => $dictionary->{$word}); }
$tagged_in_description->{$word}++;
}
$t->flush( $out_fh); }
sub def_href
{ my( $word)= @_;
return $dictionary{word};
}
sub data_para
{ local $/="\n\n";
my $para= <DATA>;
return $para;
}
__DATA__
<article>
<author>Smith</author>
<date>2011-10-10</date>
<description>Article about <b>frobnitz</b>, crulps and furtikurty's. Mainly frobnitz</description>
</article>
<article>
<author>Smith</author>
<date>2011-10-10</date>
<description>Article about <b><a href="definitions.html#frobnitz">frobnitz</a></b>, <a href="definitions.html#crulps">crulps</a> and <a href="definitions.html#furtikurty">furtikurty</a>'s. Mainly frobnitz</description>
</article>