我正在寻找解决方案,该方法如何为数据结构计算哈希。假设我们具有这样的结构:
struct A
{
float64_t array[4][4];
float64_t x;
float64_t y;
uint8_t validationHash[32]; // here computed hash need to be stored
}
我还具有函数Sha256(cont char * input, uint8_t (&output)[32])
,该函数作为参数接受输入和输出-计算得出的哈希值。我知道我需要将每个值从结构转换为const char *。但是我的问题是下一步该怎么做,我应该为数组x和y中的每个值分别计算一个哈希值,然后将它们加在一起还是什么?
Sha256的实现与此处http://www.zedwood.com/article/cpp-sha256-function
相同答案 0 :(得分:2)
您链接到的SHA-256哈希函数(与大多数加密哈希实现一样)接受字节数组作为其输入。因此,第一步是序列化要散列的数据。
这不像将结构强制转换为字节数组那样简单。序列化应该在操作系统和硬件之间可移植。系统之间结构的对齐方式,字节序等可能会有所不同,因此最好使用序列化库,并将所有棘手的严格别名问题留给库作者。
由于您似乎已经在使用Boost(float64_t
类型),因此可以使用Boost序列化库。首先,创建一个序列化函数来指示Boost如何序列化A
:
namespace boost {
namespace serialization {
template<class Archive>
void serialize(Archive & ar, A & a, const unsigned int version)
{
ar & a.array;
ar & a.x;
ar & a.y;
}
} // namespace serialization
} // namespace boost
然后,将其序列化为内存流:
std::ostringstream plaintext_buffer {};
{
boost::archive::binary_oarchive oa(plaintext_buffer);
oa << a;
}
std::string plaintext = plaintext_buffer.str();
现在您可以使用SHA-256哈希函数。我将把这一部分留给您练习。
plaintext.data()
表示数据,plaintext.size()
表示大小a.validationHash
根据注释,您仅限于C ++ 03(我将其视为C ++ 98),并且不能使用任何库。因此,首先,让我们使用最接近的等效标准类型重新定义您的函数:
struct A
{
double array[4][4];
double x;
double y;
uint8_t validationHash[32]; // here computed hash need to be stored
}
我稍微修改了这个答案:Serialize double and float with C,它声称是便携式IEEE 754串行器。凉!我将输出更改为内存缓冲区,替换为goto
,并将C类型转换转换为static_cast
。
void serializeIeee754(double x, uint8_t* destination)
{
int shift;
unsigned long sign, exp, hibits, hilong, lowlong;
double fnorm, significand;
int expbits = 11;
int significandbits = 52;
if(x == 0) {
/* zero (can't handle signed zero) */
hilong = 0;
lowlong = 0;
} else if(x > DBL_MAX) {
/* infinity */
hilong = 1024 + ((1 << (expbits - 1)) - 1);
hilong <<= (31 - expbits);
lowlong = 0;
} else if(x < -DBL_MAX) {
/* -infinity */
hilong = 1024 + ((1 << (expbits - 1)) - 1);
hilong <<= (31 - expbits);
hilong |= (1 << 31);
lowlong = 0;
} else if(x != x) {
/* NaN - dodgy because many compilers optimise out this test
* isnan() is C99, POSIX.1 only, use it if you will.
*/
hilong = 1024 + ((1 << (expbits - 1)) - 1);
hilong <<= (31 - expbits);
lowlong = 1234;
} else {
/* get the sign */
if(x < 0) {
sign = 1;
fnorm = -x;
} else {
sign = 0;
fnorm = x;
}
/* get the normalized form of f and track the exponent */
shift = 0;
while(fnorm >= 2.0) {
fnorm /= 2.0;
shift++;
}
while(fnorm < 1.0) {
fnorm *= 2.0;
shift--;
}
/* check for denormalized numbers */
if(shift < -1022) {
while(shift < -1022) {
fnorm /= 2.0;
shift++;
}
shift = -1023;
} else {
/* take the significant bit off mantissa */
fnorm = fnorm - 1.0;
}
/* calculate the integer form of the significand */
/* hold it in a double for now */
significand = fnorm * ((1LL << significandbits) + 0.5f);
/* get the biased exponent */
exp = shift + ((1 << (expbits - 1)) - 1); /* shift + bias */
/* put the data into two longs */
hibits = static_cast<long>(significand / 4294967296); /* 0x100000000 */
hilong = (sign << 31) | (exp << (31 - expbits)) | hibits;
lowlong = static_cast<unsigned long>(significand - hibits * 4294967296);
}
destination[0] = lowlong & 0xFF;
destination[1] = (lowlong >> 8) & 0xFF;
destination[2] = (lowlong >> 16) & 0xFF;
destination[3] = (lowlong >> 24) & 0xFF;
destination[4] = hilong & 0xFF;
destination[5] = (hilong >> 8) & 0xFF;
destination[6] = (hilong >> 16) & 0xFF;
destination[7] = (hilong >> 24) & 0xFF;
}
现在,您可以为A
编写自己的序列化器,该序列化器将写入144字节缓冲区:
void serializeA(A& a, uint8_t destination[144]) {
uint8_t* out = destination;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
serializeIeee754(a.array[i][j], out);
out += 8;
}
}
serializeIeee754(a.x, out);
out += 8;
serializeIeee754(a.y, out);
}
然后将该缓冲区提供给您的哈希函数。