Question

我正在尝试构建python包pycrypto。 OS X安装了gcc-4.2而不是gcc-4.0，但是python继续尝试使用gcc-4.0。如何才能使用gcc-4.2？或者我应该以不同的方式解决这个问题。

我收到以下错误：

bash-3.2$ 
bash-3.2$ sudo python setup.py build
running build
running build_py
running build_ext
warning: GMP library not found; Not building Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath.
building 'Crypto.Hash.MD2' extension
gcc-4.0 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -arch ppc -arch i386 -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6 -c src/MD2.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.3-fat-2.6/src/MD2.o
unable to execute gcc-4.0: No such file or directory
error: command 'gcc-4.0' failed with exit status 1
bash-3.2$ 
bash-3.2$ 
bash-3.2$

我正在使用带有python 2.6.6的Mac OS X 10.6.7并安装了XCode。

编辑：如果我添加CC = gcc-4.2，那么我仍然会收到错误：

bash-3.2$ 
bash-3.2$ export CC=gcc-4.2
bash-3.2$ python setup.py build
running build
running build_py
running build_ext
warning: GMP library not found; Not building Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath.
building 'Crypto.Hash.MD2' extension
gcc-4.2 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -Isrc/ -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6 -c src/MD2.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.3-intel-2.6/src/MD2.o
gcc-4.0 -g -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch i386 -arch x86_64 build/temp.macosx-10.3-intel-2.6/src/MD2.o -o build/lib.macosx-10.3-intel-2.6/Crypto/Hash/MD2.so
unable to execute gcc-4.0: No such file or directory
error: command 'gcc-4.0' failed with exit status 1
bash-3.2$

编辑：似乎使用sudo在这里有所作为。

我尝试使用CC和CXX作为Adam的建议，我在没有sudo的情况下得到以下错误：

bash-3.2$ python setup.py build
running build
running build_py
creating build/lib.macosx-10.3-fat-2.6
creating build/lib.macosx-10.3-fat-2.6/Crypto
copying lib/Crypto/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.3-fat-2.6/Crypto
copying lib/Crypto/pct_warnings.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.3-fat-2.6/Crypto
...
warning: GMP library not found; Not building Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath.
building 'Crypto.Hash.MD2' extension
creating build/temp.macosx-10.3-fat-2.6
creating build/temp.macosx-10.3-fat-2.6/src
gcc-4.2 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -arch ppc -arch i386 -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6 -c src/MD2.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.3-fat-2.6/src/MD2.o
/usr/libexec/gcc/powerpc-apple-darwin10/4.2.1/as: assembler (/usr/bin/../libexec/gcc/darwin/ppc/as or /usr/bin/../local/libexec/gcc/darwin/ppc/as) for architecture ppc not installed
Installed assemblers are:
/usr/bin/../libexec/gcc/darwin/x86_64/as for architecture x86_64
/usr/bin/../libexec/gcc/darwin/i386/as for architecture i386
lipo: can't open input file: /var/tmp//ccxan625.out (No such file or directory)
error: command 'gcc-4.2' failed with exit status 1

如果我使用sudo，我会在尝试使用4.0时遇到以下错误：

bash-3.2$ sudo python setup.py build
Password:
running build
running build_py
running build_ext
warning: GMP library not found; Not building Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath.
building 'Crypto.Hash.MD2' extension
gcc-4.0 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -arch ppc -arch i386 -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -Isrc/ -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6 -c src/MD2.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.3-fat-2.6/src/MD2.o
unable to execute gcc-4.0: No such file or directory
error: command 'gcc-4.0' failed with exit status 1
bash-3.2$ 
bash-3.2$

这些额外的信息是否会让事情变得更加明显以及如何解决？知道为什么没有sudo的调用会出现其他错误吗？

Answer 1

根据显示的路径（/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6），您似乎已经安装了一个32位的Python 2.6，可能使用了python.org安装程序。当您构建包含C扩展模块的Python包时，该Python实例中包含的Python Distutils将尝试使用相同版本的gcc以及与之构建Python相同的CPU体系结构。显然你已经安装了新的尖端Xcode 4，它不再包含gcc-4.0或ppc支持。您使用的Python版本是使用Mac OS X 10.6附带的Xcode 3工具构建的。您可以通过使用以下命令覆盖编译器选项来解决它：

export CC=gcc-4.2
python setup.py build
sudo python setup.py install

编辑：

看起来这对pycrypto无效;它的构建过于复杂。如果你不介意在OS X 10.6中使用Apple提供的Python 2.6，那么应工作：

export ARCHFLAGS='-arch i386 -arch x86_64'
/usr/bin/python2.6 setup.py build

另一种选择是安装64-bit/32-bit Python 2.7 installer from python.org。它是用gcc-4.2构建的，并且仅支持Intel。因此在与Xcode 4一起使用时应该没有任何问题。

更新：

以下是我与Xcode 3一起使用的确切步骤。它们应该与安装Xcode 4一起使用：

$ mkdir p
$ cd p
$ curl -O http://ftp.dlitz.net/pub/dlitz/crypto/pycrypto/pycrypto-2.3.tar.gz
$ tar xf pycrypto-2.3.tar.gz 
$ cd pycrypto-2.3/
$ export ARCHFLAGS='-arch i386 -arch x86_64'
$ /usr/bin/python2.6 setup.py build
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6
creating build/lib.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/Crypto
copying lib/Crypto/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/Crypto
[...]
running build_ext
warning: GMP library not found; Not building Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath.
building 'Crypto.Hash.MD2' extension
creating build/temp.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6
creating build/temp.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/src
gcc-4.2 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DENABLE_DTRACE -pipe -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -Isrc/ -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6 -c src/MD2.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/src/MD2.o
gcc-4.2 -Wl,-F. -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch i386 -arch x86_64 build/temp.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/src/MD2.o -o build/lib.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/Crypto/Hash/MD2.so
[...]
building 'Crypto.Util._counter' extension
gcc-4.2 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DENABLE_DTRACE -pipe -std=c99 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -Isrc/ -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6 -c src/_counter.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/src/_counter.o
gcc-4.2 -Wl,-F. -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch i386 -arch x86_64 build/temp.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/src/_counter.o -o build/lib.macosx-10.6-universal-2.6/Crypto/Util/_counter.so
$ /usr/bin/python2.6 setup.py install
running install
running build
running build_py
running build_ext
warning: GMP library not found; Not building Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath.
running install_lib
creating /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/Crypto
[...]
byte-compiling /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/Crypto/pct_warnings.py to pct_warnings.pyc
running install_egg_info
Writing /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pycrypto-2.3-py2.6.egg-info
$ /usr/bin/python2.6 setup.py test
running test
............................................................................................[...]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 902 tests in 42.612s

OK
$ cd 
$ /usr/bin/python2.6
Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Jun 24 2010, 21:47:49) 
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from Crypto.Hash import MD5
>>> m = MD5.new()
>>> m.update('abc')
>>> m.digest()
'\x90\x01P\x98<\xd2O\xb0\xd6\x96?}(\xe1\x7fr'
>>> m.hexdigest()
'900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72'
>>> ^D

Answer 2

BTW，这是一个distutils问题，Python本身不会编译任何东西。

正如您所发现的，您可以使用CC环境变量覆盖编译器。您可以覆盖与CXX环境变量一起使用的链接器。我也想知道为什么distutils以这种方式行事，但确实如此。

Answer 3

关注此错误：

unable to execute gcc-4.0: No such file or directory
error: command 'gcc-4.0' failed with exit status 1

编译器正确地告诉你问题是什么。 gcc-4.0（和gcc-4.2）不在您的PATH中。提示：which gcc-4.2，例如：

% which gcc-4.2
/usr/bin/gcc-4.2

假设你的位置在同一个位置，我不确定为什么/usr/bin不在你的PATH中，但是你有它！

找出PATH实际上是什么：

% echo $PATH
/opt/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin/X11:/sw/bin:/sw/sbin

修复你的道路，你将走上启蒙之路。

在OS X上使用错误版本的GCC构建Python

3 个答案: