我需要计算两个日期之间的DateDiff（小时），但仅限于营业时间（8：30-16：00，无周末）。然后，此结果将按照以下示例放入Reaction_Time列。
ID Date Reaction_Time Overdue 1 29.04.2003 15:00:00 1 30.04.2003 11:00:00 3:30 2 30.04.2003 14:00:00 2 01.05.2003 14:00:00 7:30 YES
*注意：我没有检查示例中的日期是否为假日。
我正在使用SQL Server 2005
这将与更大的查询相结合，但是现在我需要的是这个开始，我会试着弄清楚如何将它们全部放在一起。谢谢你的帮助！
编辑：嘿，谢谢大家的回复。但是由于SQL方面的解决方案明显很复杂，我们决定在Excel中执行此操作，而不管报告将在何处移动。很抱歉这个问题，但我确实认为这比这更简单。事实上，我们没有时间。
答案 0 :(得分：7)
我建议建立一个用户定义的函数，根据您的规则计算营业时间的日期差异。
SELECT
Id,
MIN(Date) DateStarted,
MAX(Date) DateCompleted,
dbo.udfDateDiffBusinessHours(MIN(Date), MAX(Date)) ReactionTime
FROM
Incident
GROUP BY
Id
我不确定你的Overdue价值来自哪里，所以我在我的例子中将其留下了。
在函数中，您可以编写比查询更具表现力的SQL，并且不会使用业务规则阻塞查询，从而难以维护。
此外，功能可以轻松重复使用。扩展它以包括对假期的支持（我在这里考虑Holidays表）并不会太难。可以进行进一步的改进，而无需更改难以读取的嵌套SELECT / CASE WHEN构造，这将是替代方案。
如果我今天有时间，我会考虑编写一个示例函数。
编辑：这里有花里胡哨的东西，透明地计算周末：
ALTER FUNCTION dbo.udfDateDiffBusinessHours (
@date1 DATETIME,
@date2 DATETIME
) RETURNS DATETIME AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @sat INT
DECLARE @sun INT
DECLARE @workday_s INT
DECLARE @workday_e INT
DECLARE @basedate1 DATETIME
DECLARE @basedate2 DATETIME
DECLARE @calcdate1 DATETIME
DECLARE @calcdate2 DATETIME
DECLARE @cworkdays INT
DECLARE @cweekends INT
DECLARE @returnval INT
SET @workday_s = 510 -- work day start: 8.5 hours
SET @workday_e = 960 -- work day end: 16.0 hours
-- calculate Saturday and Sunday dependent on SET DATEFIRST option
SET @sat = CASE @@DATEFIRST WHEN 7 THEN 7 ELSE 7 - @@DATEFIRST END
SET @sun = CASE @@DATEFIRST WHEN 7 THEN 1 ELSE @sat + 1 END
SET @calcdate1 = @date1
SET @calcdate2 = @date2
-- @date1: assume next day if start was after end of workday
SET @basedate1 = DATEADD(dd, 0, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @calcdate1))
SET @calcdate1 = CASE WHEN DATEDIFF(mi, @basedate1, @calcdate1) > @workday_e
THEN @basedate1 + 1
ELSE @calcdate1
END
-- @date1: if Saturday or Sunday, make it next Monday
SET @basedate1 = DATEADD(dd, 0, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @calcdate1))
SET @calcdate1 = CASE DATEPART(dw, @basedate1)
WHEN @sat THEN @basedate1 + 2
WHEN @sun THEN @basedate1 + 1
ELSE @calcdate1
END
-- @date1: assume @workday_s as the minimum start time
SET @basedate1 = DATEADD(dd, 0, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @calcdate1))
SET @calcdate1 = CASE WHEN DATEDIFF(mi, @basedate1, @calcdate1) < @workday_s
THEN DATEADD(mi, @workday_s, @basedate1)
ELSE @calcdate1
END
-- @date2: assume previous day if end was before start of workday
SET @basedate2 = DATEADD(dd, 0, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @calcdate2))
SET @calcdate2 = CASE WHEN DATEDIFF(mi, @basedate2, @calcdate2) < @workday_s
THEN @basedate2 - 1
ELSE @calcdate2
END
-- @date2: if Saturday or Sunday, make it previous Friday
SET @basedate2 = DATEADD(dd, 0, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @calcdate2))
SET @calcdate2 = CASE DATEPART(dw, @calcdate2)
WHEN @sat THEN @basedate2 - 0.00001
WHEN @sun THEN @basedate2 - 1.00001
ELSE @date2
END
-- @date2: assume @workday_e as the maximum end time
SET @basedate2 = DATEADD(dd, 0, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @calcdate2))
SET @calcdate2 = CASE WHEN DATEDIFF(mi, @basedate2, @calcdate2) > @workday_e
THEN DATEADD(mi, @workday_e, @basedate2)
ELSE @calcdate2
END
-- count full work days (subtract Saturdays and Sundays)
SET @cworkdays = DATEDIFF(dd, @basedate1, @basedate2)
SET @cweekends = @cworkdays / 7
SET @cworkdays = @cworkdays - @cweekends * 2
-- calculate effective duration in minutes
SET @returnval = @cworkdays * (@workday_e - @workday_s)
+ @workday_e - DATEDIFF(mi, @basedate1, @calcdate1)
+ DATEDIFF(mi, @basedate2, @calcdate2) - @workday_e
-- return duration as an offset in minutes from date 0
RETURN DATEADD(mi, @returnval, 0)
END
该函数返回DATETIME值，表示从日期0开始的偏移量（"1900-01-01 00:00:00"）。例如，8:00小时的时间跨度为"1900-01-01 08:00:00"，25小时为"1900-01-02 01:00:00"。功能结果是两个日期之间商业小时的差异。没有特殊处理/支持加班。
SELECT dbo.udfDateDiffBusinessHours('2003-04-29 15:00:00', '2003-04-30 11:00:00')
--> 1900-01-01 03:30:00.000
SELECT dbo.udfDateDiffBusinessHours('2003-04-30 14:00:00', '2003-05-01 14:00:00')
--> 1900-01-01 07:30:00.000
该功能假定@date1非工作时间的下一个可用工作日（08:30 h）开始，以及{{1}前一个工作日（16:00 h）结束时1}}是非工作时间。
“next / previous available”表示：
@date2为@date1（星期五），则会'2009-02-06 07:00:00'（星期五）'2009-02-06 08:30:00'为@date1（星期五），则会'2009-02-06 19:00:00'（星期一）'2009-02-09 08:30:00'为@date2（星期一），则会'2009-02-09 07:00:00'（星期五）'2009-02-06 16:00:00'为@date2（星期一），则会'2009-02-09 19:00:00'（星期一）答案 1 :(得分：5)
DECLARE @BusHourStart DATETIME, @BusHourEnd DATETIME
SELECT @BusHourStart = '08:30:00', @BusHourEnd = '16:00:00'
DECLARE @BusMinutesStart INT, @BusMinutesEnd INT
SELECT @BusMinutesStart = DATEPART(minute,@BusHourStart)+DATEPART(hour,@BusHourStart)*60,
@BusMinutesEnd = DATEPART(minute,@BusHourEnd)+DATEPART(hour,@BusHourEnd)*60
DECLARE @Dates2 TABLE (ID INT, DateStart DATETIME, DateEnd DATETIME)
INSERT INTO @Dates2
SELECT 1, '15:00:00 04/29/2003', '11:00:00 04/30/2003' UNION
SELECT 2, '14:00:00 04/30/2003', '14:00:00 05/01/2003' UNION
SELECT 3, '14:00:00 05/02/2003', '14:00:00 05/06/2003' UNION
SELECT 4, '14:00:00 05/02/2003', '14:00:00 05/04/2003' UNION
SELECT 5, '07:00:00 05/02/2003', '14:00:00 05/02/2003' UNION
SELECT 6, '14:00:00 05/02/2003', '23:00:00 05/02/2003' UNION
SELECT 7, '07:00:00 05/02/2003', '08:00:00 05/02/2003' UNION
SELECT 8, '22:00:00 05/02/2003', '23:00:00 05/03/2003' UNION
SELECT 9, '08:00:00 05/03/2003', '23:00:00 05/04/2003' UNION
SELECT 10, '07:00:00 05/02/2003', '23:00:00 05/02/2003'
-- SET DATEFIRST to U.S. English default value of 7.
SET DATEFIRST 7
SELECT ID, DateStart, DateEnd, CONVERT(VARCHAR, Minutes/60) +':'+ CONVERT(VARCHAR, Minutes % 60) AS ReactionTime
FROM (
SELECT ID, DateStart, DateEnd, Overtime,
CASE
WHEN DayDiff = 0 THEN
CASE
WHEN (MinutesEnd - MinutesStart - Overtime) > 0 THEN (MinutesEnd - MinutesStart - Overtime)
ELSE 0
END
WHEN DayDiff > 0 THEN
CASE
WHEN (StartPart + EndPart - Overtime) > 0 THEN (StartPart + EndPart - Overtime)
ELSE 0
END + DayPart
ELSE 0
END AS Minutes
FROM(
SELECT ID, DateStart, DateEnd, DayDiff, MinutesStart, MinutesEnd,
CASE WHEN(@BusMinutesStart - MinutesStart) > 0 THEN (@BusMinutesStart - MinutesStart) ELSE 0 END +
CASE WHEN(MinutesEnd - @BusMinutesEnd) > 0 THEN (MinutesEnd - @BusMinutesEnd) ELSE 0 END AS Overtime,
CASE WHEN(@BusMinutesEnd - MinutesStart) > 0 THEN (@BusMinutesEnd - MinutesStart) ELSE 0 END AS StartPart,
CASE WHEN(MinutesEnd - @BusMinutesStart) > 0 THEN (MinutesEnd - @BusMinutesStart) ELSE 0 END AS EndPart,
CASE WHEN DayDiff > 1 THEN (@BusMinutesEnd - @BusMinutesStart)*(DayDiff - 1) ELSE 0 END AS DayPart
FROM (
SELECT DATEDIFF(d,DateStart, DateEnd) AS DayDiff, ID, DateStart, DateEnd,
DATEPART(minute,DateStart)+DATEPART(hour,DateStart)*60 AS MinutesStart,
DATEPART(minute,DateEnd)+DATEPART(hour,DateEnd)*60 AS MinutesEnd
FROM (
SELECT ID,
CASE
WHEN DATEPART(dw, DateStart) = 7
THEN DATEADD(SECOND, 1, DATEADD(DAY, DATEDIFF(DAY, 0, DateStart), 2))
WHEN DATEPART(dw, DateStart) = 1
THEN DATEADD(SECOND, 1, DATEADD(DAY, DATEDIFF(DAY, 0, DateStart), 1))
ELSE DateStart END AS DateStart,
CASE
WHEN DATEPART(dw, DateEnd) = 7
THEN DATEADD(SECOND, -1, DATEADD(DAY, DATEDIFF(DAY, 0, DateEnd), 0))
WHEN DATEPART(dw, DateEnd) = 1
THEN DATEADD(SECOND, -1, DATEADD(DAY, DATEDIFF(DAY, 0, DateEnd), -1))
ELSE DateEnd END AS DateEnd FROM @Dates2
)Weekends
)InMinutes
)Overtime
)Calculation
答案 2 :(得分：1)
select datediff(hh,@date1,@date2) - 16.5*(datediff(dd,@date1,@date2))
唯一的问题是它会给你3:30作为3.5小时，但你可以很容易地解决这个问题。
答案 3 :(得分：1)
使用此代码：查找日期之间的周末
(
DATEDIFF(dd, open_date, zassignment_date) + 1
- ( (DATEDIFF(dd, open_date, zassignment_date) + 1)
-(DATEDIFF(wk, open_date, zassignment_date) * 2)
-(CASE WHEN DATENAME(dw, open_date) = 'Sunday' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
-(CASE WHEN DATENAME(dw, zassignment_date) = 'Saturday' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) )) wk_end
答案 4 :(得分：0)
假设你有一个工作日（及其工作时间）的参考表，那么我将使用3阶段方法（pseudo-sql）
（首先排除“一天之内的所有”琐碎的例子，因为这简化了逻辑）
-- days that are neither the start nor end (full days)
SELECT @FullDayHours = SUM(day start to day end)
FROM reference-calendar
WHERE Start >= midnight-after-start and End <= midnight-before-end
-- time after the [query start] to the end of the first working day
SELECT @FirstDayHours = [query start] to day end
FROM reference-calandar
WHERE start day
-- time from the start of the last working day to the [query end]
SELECT @LastDayHours = day start to [query end]
FROM reference-calendar
WHERE end-day
IF @FirstDayHours < 0 SET @FirstDayHours = 0 -- starts outside working time
IF @LastDayHours < 0 SET @LastDayHours = 0 -- ends outside working time
PRINT @FirstDayHours + @FullDayHours + @LastDayHours
显然，没有更多的背景，做起来有点困难......
答案 5 :(得分：0)
此功能将为您提供两个给定时间之间的营业时间差异。这将根据日期部分参数返回分钟或小时的差异。
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fnBusinessHoursDateDiff] (@StartTime SmallDatetime, @EndTime SmallDateTime, @DatePart varchar(2)) RETURNS DECIMAL (10,2)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @Minutes bigint
, @FinalNumber Decimal(10,2)
-- // Create Minute By minute table for CTE
-- ===========================================================
;WITH cteInputHours (StartTime, EndTime, NextTime) AS (
SELECT @StartTime
, @EndTime
, dateadd(mi, 1, @StartTime)
),
cteBusinessMinutes (TimeOfDay, [isBusHour], NextTime) AS(
SELECT StartTime [TimeOfDay]
, case when datepart(dw, StartTime) between 2 and 6 and convert(time,StartTime) between '08:30' and '15:59' then 1 else 0 end [isBusHour]
, dateadd(mi, 1, @StartTime) [NextTime]
FROM cteInputHours
UNION ALL
SELECT dateadd(mi, 1, (a.TimeOfDay)) [TimeOfDay]
, case when datepart(dw, a.TimeOfDay) between 2 and 6 and convert(time,dateadd(mi, 1, (a.TimeOfDay)) ) between '08:30' and '15:59' then 1 else 0 end [isBusHour]
, dateadd(mi, 2, (a.TimeOfDay)) NextTime
FROM cteBusinessMinutes a
WHERE dateadd(mi, 1, (a.TimeOfDay)) < @EndTime
)
SELECT @Minutes = count(*)
FROM cteBusinessMinutes
WHERE isBusHour = 1
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0);
-- // Final Select
-- ===========================================================
SELECT @FinalNumber = @Minutes / (case when @DatePart = 'hh' then 60.00 else 1 end)
RETURN @FinalNumber
END