我正在处理几个小时的问题，但无法解决。我确定这只是一件小事，但是不知为何我做错了。
我的目标是从公共交通公司通过json获取数据，并在显示屏上显示地铁/电车的下一个出发时间。基本上，一切正常，但是当json返回变音符号（如“ü”）时，我会收到一条错误消息。有趣的是：锐利的s（ß）有效！
以下是确切的错误消息（应为“Hütteldorf”）：
UnicodeEncodeError('ascii', u'H\xfctteldorf', 1, 2, 'ordinal not in range(128)')
部分代码：
...
apiurl = 'https://www.wienerlinien.at/ogd_realtime/monitor?rbl={rbl}&sender={apikey}'
...
for rbl in rbls:
r = requests.get(url, timeout=10)
##r.encoding = 'utf-8';
##print(r.json())
##print(r.encoding)
##r.encoding = 'latin1'
if requests.codes.ok:
try:
for monitor in r.json()['data']['monitors']:
rbl.station = monitor['locationStop']['properties']['title'].encode('utf-8')
for line in monitor['lines']:
#Decoding-Problem is here - ß works, ü doesn't
#UnicodeEncodeError('ascii', u'H\xfctteldorf', 1, 2, 'ordinal not in range(128)')
rbl.name = str(line['name'])
rbl.direction = str(line['towards'])
rbl.trafficjam = line['trafficjam'] #Boolean
...
我个人认为我尝试了在Python3中发现的所有可能的事情...编码，解码......每次Sharp或umlautü都失败时。
有人可以向我提示正确的方向吗？ 非常感谢你！
[编辑：] 这是完整的源代码，其中有一种解决方法（ü= ue）：
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys, getopt, time
import requests
import smbus
# Define some device parameters
I2C_ADDR = 0x27 # I2C device address, if any error, change this address to 0x3f
LCD_WIDTH = 20 # Maximum characters per line
# Define some device constants
LCD_CHR = 1 # Mode - Sending data
LCD_CMD = 0 # Mode - Sending command
LCD_LINE_1 = 0x80 # LCD RAM address for the 1st line
LCD_LINE_2 = 0xC0 # LCD RAM address for the 2nd line
LCD_LINE_3 = 0x94 # LCD RAM address for the 3rd line
LCD_LINE_4 = 0xD4 # LCD RAM address for the 4th line
LCD_BACKLIGHT = 0x08 # On
#LCD_BACKLIGHT = 0x00 # Off
ENABLE = 0b00000100 # Enable bit
# Timing constants
E_PULSE = 0.0005
E_DELAY = 0.0005
#Open I2C interface
bus = smbus.SMBus(1) # Rev 2 Pi uses 1
class RBL:
id = 0
line = ''
station = ''
direction = ''
time = -1
def replaceUmlaut(s):
s = s.replace("Ä", "Ae") # A umlaut
s = s.replace("Ö", "Oe") # O umlaut
s = s.replace("Ü", "Ue") # U umlaut
s = s.replace("ä", "ae") # a umlaut
s = s.replace("ö", "oe") # o umlaut
s = s.replace("ü", "ue") # u umlaut
return s
def lcd_init():
# Initialise display
lcd_byte(0x33,LCD_CMD) # 110011 Initialise
lcd_byte(0x32,LCD_CMD) # 110010 Initialise
lcd_byte(0x06,LCD_CMD) # 000110 Cursor move direction
lcd_byte(0x0C,LCD_CMD) # 001100 Display On,Cursor Off, Blink Off
lcd_byte(0x28,LCD_CMD) # 101000 Data length, number of lines, font size
lcd_byte(0x01,LCD_CMD) # 000001 Clear display
time.sleep(E_DELAY)
def lcd_byte(bits, mode):
# Send byte to data pins
# bits = the data
# mode = 1 for data
# 0 for command
bits_high = mode | (bits & 0xF0) | LCD_BACKLIGHT
bits_low = mode | ((bits<<4) & 0xF0) | LCD_BACKLIGHT
# High bits
bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR, bits_high)
lcd_toggle_enable(bits_high)
# Low bits
bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR, bits_low)
lcd_toggle_enable(bits_low)
def lcd_toggle_enable(bits):
# Toggle enable
time.sleep(E_DELAY)
bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR, (bits | ENABLE))
time.sleep(E_PULSE)
bus.write_byte(I2C_ADDR,(bits & ~ENABLE))
time.sleep(E_DELAY)
def lcd_string(message,line):
# Send string to display
message = message.ljust(LCD_WIDTH," ")
lcd_byte(line, LCD_CMD)
for i in range(LCD_WIDTH):
lcd_byte(ord(message[i]),LCD_CHR)
def main(argv):
apikey = False
apiurl = 'https://www.wienerlinien.at/ogd_realtime/monitor?rbl={rbl}&sender={apikey}'
#Time between updates
st = 10
# Initialise display
lcd_init()
lcd_string("Willkommen!",LCD_LINE_2)
try:
opts, args = getopt.getopt(argv, "hk:t:", ["help", "key=", "time="])
except getopt.GetoptError:
usage()
sys.exit(2)
for opt, arg in opts:
if opt in ("-h", "--help"):
usage()
sys.exit()
elif opt in ("-k", "--key"):
apikey = arg
elif opt in ("-t", "--time"):
try:
tmpst = int(arg)
if tmpst > 0:
st = tmpst
except ValueError:
usage()
sys.exit(2)
if apikey == False or len(args) < 1:
usage()
sys.exit()
rbls = []
for rbl in args:
tmprbl = RBL()
tmprbl.id = rbl
rbls.append(tmprbl)
x = 1
while True:
for rbl in rbls:
url = apiurl.replace('{apikey}', apikey).replace('{rbl}', rbl.id)
r = requests.get(url, timeout=10)
r.encoding = 'utf-8'
if requests.codes.ok:
try:
for monitor in r.json()['data']['monitors']:
rbl.station = monitor['locationStop']['properties']['title']
for line in monitor['lines']:
rbl.name = replaceUmlaut(str(line['name'].encode('ascii','xmlcharrefreplace').decode('ascii')))
rbl.direction = replaceUmlaut(str(line['towards'].encode('ascii','xmlcharrefreplace').decode('ascii')))
rbl.trafficjam = line['trafficjam']
rbl.type = line['type']
rbl.time1 = line['departures']['departure'][0]['departureTime']['countdown']
rbl.time2 = line['departures']['departure'][1]['departureTime']['countdown']
rbl.time3 = line['departures']['departure'][2]['departureTime']['countdown']
lcdShow(rbl)
time.sleep(st)
except Exception as e:
print("Fehler (Exc): " + repr(e))
print(r)
lcd_string("Fehler (Exc):",LCD_LINE_1)
lcd_string(repr(e),LCD_LINE_2)
lcd_string("",LCD_LINE_3)
lcd_string("",LCD_LINE_4)
else:
print('Fehler bei Kommunikation mit Server')
lcd_string("Fehler:",LCD_LINE_1)
lcd_string("Serverkomm.",LCD_LINE_2)
lcd_string("",LCD_LINE_3)
lcd_string("",LCD_LINE_4)
def lcdShow(rbl):
lcdLine1 = rbl.name + ' ' + rbl.station
lcdLine2 = rbl.direction
lcdLine3 = "".ljust(LCD_WIDTH-9) + ' ' + '{:0>2d}'.format(rbl.time1) + ' ' + '{:0>2d}'.format(rbl.time2) + ' ' + '{:0>2d}'.format(rbl.time3)
if not rbl.type == "ptMetro":
if rbl.trafficjam:
lcdLine4 = "Stau in Zufahrt"
else:
lcdLine4 = "kein Stau"
else:
lcdLine4 = ""
lcd_string(lcdLine1,LCD_LINE_1)
lcd_string(lcdLine2,LCD_LINE_2)
lcd_string(lcdLine3,LCD_LINE_3)
lcd_string(lcdLine4,LCD_LINE_4)
#print(lcdLine1 + '\n' + lcdLine2+ '\n' + lcdLine3+ '\n' + lcdLine4)
def usage():
print('usage: ' + __file__ + ' [-h] [-t time] -k apikey rbl [rbl ...]\n')
print('arguments:')
print(' -k, --key=\tAPI key')
print(' rbl\t\tRBL number\n')
print('optional arguments:')
print(' -h, --help\tshow this help')
print(' -t, --time=\ttime between station updates in seconds, default 10')
if __name__ == "__main__":
main(sys.argv[1:])
答案 0 :(得分：1)
我个人认为我尝试了在Python3中发现的所有可能的事情...编码，解码......每次Sharp或umlautü都失败时。
如评论中所述，您似乎正在根据看到的错误消息运行Python 2。
Python 2有两种“字符串”类型，str包含原始字节，unicode包含unicode字符。调用.json()时，您将返回一个包含unicode字符串的数据结构。因此line['name']是这样的unicode字符串。
调用str(line['name'])时，您隐式要求将unicode字符串编码到 ASCII 字节序列中。这将失败，因为ASCII无法表示这些字符。不幸的是，我不知道您为什么要在这里为什么。 rbl.name是否需要为str？在哪里使用？
在评论中，Jorropo建议编写line['name'].decode("utf-8")，您指出这也不起作用。这是因为 de 编码unicode字符串实际上没有任何意义，但是Python 2会通过先 en 对其进行ASCII编码来尝试尝试（失败），然后尝试按照您的要求在UTF-8中解码。
您的修复将取决于您对rbl.name所做的工作。您可能会：
rbl.name = line['name']这要求随后的代码需要一个unicode字符串。rbl.name = line['name'].encode('utf-8')这要求后面的代码期望序列为UTF-8字节。无论哪种方式，当您尝试其中的任何一种时，有可能（甚至可能）其他事物随后都会中断，这完全取决于其余代码对rbl.name应该是什么以及如何做出假设。它是经过编码的。
关于它为什么可以与u'Westbahnstraße'配合使用，我不能肯定地说。您能否提供包含输入数据的完整示例，以证明一个有效而另一个无效？