Question

所以我有一个如下所示的文本文件。

我怎么能使用PowerShell来获取mac地址和端口号（最右边一列）并将其输出到带有标头（mac，端口）的csv文件中？

1        010D.0C93.A02C        Dynamic     Gi1/0/5
1        011B.782D.6719        Dynamic     Gi1/0/22
1        0003.4790.B479        Dynamic     Gi1/0/1
1        0054.B671.1EB8        Dynamic     Gi1/0/2

我尝试仅遍历文本文件并多次使用-replace。我剩下了想要的数据，这很好。但它似乎过于复杂，我仍然面临着将输出与标头输出到csv的问题。

$file = Get-Content file.txt
$file | ForEach-Object {$_ -replace ' ', '' -replace 'Dynamic', '' 
   -replace 'Management', '' -replace 'Gi1/0/', ', '}

这是我尝试过的。它输出如下：

010D.0C93.A02C, 5
011B.782D.6719, 22
0003.4790.B479, 1
0054.B671.1EB8, 2

从这里，我不确定如何将其转换为带标头的csv（mac，端口）就像我说的必须有一种更有效的方法来过滤掉这些数据。

感谢您的帮助。

Answer 1

在评论中说Stack Overflow不是代码编写服务，我还是要编写一些代码...

以下代码假定存储文本的文件名位于变量$textfilename中，并且所需CSV文件的名称位于变量$csvfilename中。

Get-Content -Path $textfilename | 
    ForEach-Object {
        New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{ 
            MAC=$_[9..22] -join ""
            Port=$_[44..($_.length-1)] -join ""
        }
    } | 
        Export-CSV -Path $csvfilename -Append -NoTypeInformation

请注意，我通过坐在那里计数来找出子字符串的“字段位置”；无疑有更好的方法。我的代码给出的是端口名称，而不是数字（也就是说，我产生的是“ Gi1 / 0/22”而不是“ 22”）。但是，关键是要创建具有成员属性PSObject和MAC的{{1}}，为这些属性分配必要的值，然后将这些对象发送到CSV。 / p>

Answer 2

您可以使用正则表达式过滤出所需的部分（mac和端口），如下所示：

$result = Get-Content -Path 'X:\file.txt' | ForEach-Object {
    if ($_ -match '^.+?(?<mac>[0-9A-F]{4}\.[0-9A-F]{4}\.[0-9A-F]{4}).+?(?<port>\d+)$') {
        [PsCustomObject]@{
            'mac'  = $matches['mac']
            'port' = $matches['port']
        }
    }
}

# output on screen
$result

# output to Csv file
$result | Export-Csv -Path 'X:\macports.csv' -NoTypeInformation

输出：

mac            port
---            ----
010D.0C93.A02C 5   
011B.782D.6719 22  
0003.4790.B479 1   
0054.B671.1EB8 2

正则表达式详细信息：

^                Assert position at the beginning of a line (at beginning of the string or after a line break character)
.                Match any single character that is not a line break character
   +?            Between one and unlimited times, as few times as possible, expanding as needed (lazy)
(?<mac>          Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “mac”
   [0-9A-F]      Match a single character present in the list below
                 A character in the range between “0” and “9”
                 A character in the range between “A” and “F”
      {4}        Exactly 4 times
   \.            Match the character “.” literally
   [0-9A-F]      Match a single character present in the list below
                 A character in the range between “0” and “9”
                 A character in the range between “A” and “F”
      {4}        Exactly 4 times
   \.            Match the character “.” literally
   [0-9A-F]      Match a single character present in the list below
                 A character in the range between “0” and “9”
                 A character in the range between “A” and “F”
      {4}        Exactly 4 times
)
.                Match any single character that is not a line break character
   +?            Between one and unlimited times, as few times as possible, expanding as needed (lazy)
(?<port>         Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “port”
   \d            Match a single digit 0..9
      +          Between one and unlimited times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy)
)
$                Assert position at the end of a line (at the end of the string or before a line break character)

Answer 3

如果您正在寻找通用解决方案（自动定义了列），则可能要尝试使用ConvertFrom-SourceTable，另请参见：How can I save lines with spaces between characters in the right way (Array)?。
我刚刚添加了一个新功能，您可以在其中提供列（属性）名称的列表，而不是对齐的标题行：

$Table = '
1        010D.0C93.A02C        Dynamic     Gi1/0/5
1        011B.782D.6719        Dynamic     Gi1/0/22
1        0003.4790.B479        Dynamic     Gi1/0/1
1        0054.B671.1EB8        Dynamic     Gi1/0/2'

ConvertFrom-SourceTable -Header Count,Address,Mode,Port $Table |
    Select-Object -Property Address, @{n = 'Port'; e = {$_.Port.Split('/')[-1]}}

Address        Port
-------        ----
010D.0C93.A02C 5
011B.782D.6719 22
0003.4790.B479 1
0054.B671.1EB8 2

Powershell从文本文件中提取数据并转换为csv

3 个答案: