我正在尝试通过以下命令通过小刀引导程序来启动并运行服务器：
knife bootstrap "<ip-address>"
-x ec2-user
-r recipe[connector],recipe[all-servers]
-N "serv-name"
-E staging
-i "~/.chef/mycert.pem"
--sudo
--no-host-key-verify
所有服务器的配方均包含厨师13+中损坏的Windows的依赖关系：
（TLDRS，完整的堆栈跟踪位于底部）
13: undefined method “kernel” (outdated 7-zip cookbook dependency 3.0 instead of 2.0)
14: cannot load such file -- chef/mixin/language (windows cookbook dependency, 3.0 + for windows cookbook would fix this)
15: manual license acceptance required and cannot load such file -- chef/mixin/language error (windows cookbook dependency, 3.0 + for windows cookbook would fix this)
最大的问题是，一堆维护不足的服务使用的是较旧的版本，升级其中的任何一个很可能会在整个厨师组织中引起许多问题，因此我想让该服务器使用其中任一版本的较新版本Windows或7拉链食谱。
我试图解决的方法是创建一个新的食谱“ all-servers-dev”，并在依赖关系树中创建所有食谱的开发版本，一直到“ windows”，在其中下载更新的窗口食谱并在依赖关系树的底部将其替换。但是，这没有用，因为厨师一直尝试同步所有食谱，甚至包括Windows在内的所有食谱，即使我没有找到依赖树中的任何地方。
我什至尝试删除所有服务器配方，而只是安装仅依赖关系为yum-epel，而唯一依赖关系为没有依赖关系的“ compat_resource”的连接器配方。
13.12.14
================================================================================
Recipe Compile Error in /var/chef/cache/cookbooks/seven_zip/attributes/default.rb
================================================================================
NoMethodError
-------------
undefined method `kernel' for #<Chef::Node::Attribute:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cookbook Trace:
---------------
/var/chef/cache/cookbooks/seven_zip/attributes/default.rb:21:in `from_file'
Relevant File Content:
----------------------
/var/chef/cache/cookbooks/seven_zip/attributes/default.rb:
14: # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
15: # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
16: # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
17: # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
18: # limitations under the License.
19: #
20:
21>> if kernel['machine'] =~ /x86_64/
22: default['seven_zip']['url'] = 'http://www.7-zip.org/a/7z1514-x64.msi'
23: default['seven_zip']['checksum'] = 'xxxxxxxxxx'
24: default['seven_zip']['package_name'] = '7-Zip 15.14 (x64 edition)'
25: else
26: default['seven_zip']['url'] = 'http://www.7-zip.org/a/7z1514.msi'
27: default['seven_zip']['checksum'] = 'xxxxxxxxxx'
28: default['seven_zip']['package_name'] = '7-Zip 15.14'
29: end
30:
System Info:
------------
chef_version=13.12.14
platform=amazon
platform_version=2017.03
ruby=ruby 2.4.5p335 (2018-10-18 revision 65137) [x86_64-linux]
program_name=chef-client worker: ppid=3493;start=17:29:14;
executable=/opt/chef/bin/chef-client
Running handlers:
[2019-12-04T17:29:32+00:00] ERROR: Running exception handlers
Running handlers complete
[2019-12-04T17:29:32+00:00] ERROR: Exception handlers complete
Chef Client failed. 0 resources updated in 17 seconds
[2019-12-04T17:29:32+00:00] FATAL: Stacktrace dumped to /var/chef/cache/chef-stacktrace.out
[2019-12-04T17:29:32+00:00] FATAL: Please provide the contents of the stacktrace.out file if you file a bug report
[2019-12-04T17:29:32+00:00] ERROR: undefined method `kernel' for #<Chef::Node::Attribute:xxxxxxxxxx>
[2019-12-04T17:29:32+00:00] FATAL: Chef::Exceptions::ChildConvergeError: Chef run process exited unsuccessfully (exit code 1)
14.14.29
================================================================================
Recipe Compile Error in /var/chef/cache/cookbooks/windows/libraries/windows_package.rb
================================================================================
LoadError
---------
cannot load such file -- chef/mixin/language
Cookbook Trace:
---------------
/var/chef/cache/cookbooks/windows/libraries/windows_package.rb:7:in `<top (required)>'
Relevant File Content:
----------------------
/var/chef/cache/cookbooks/windows/libraries/windows_package.rb:
1: require 'chef/resource/lwrp_base'
2: require 'chef/provider/lwrp_base'
3:
4: require 'win32/registry' if RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /mswin|mingw32|windows/
5:
6: require 'chef/mixin/shell_out'
7>> require 'chef/mixin/language'
8: class Chef
9: class Provider
10: class WindowsCookbookPackage < Chef::Provider::LWRPBase
11: include Chef::Mixin::ShellOut
12: include Windows::Helper
13:
14: # the logic in all action methods mirror that of
15: # the Chef::Provider::Package which will make
16: # refactoring into core chef easy
System Info:
------------
chef_version=14.14.29
platform=amazon
platform_version=2017.03
ruby=ruby 2.5.7p206 (2019-10-01 revision 67816) [x86_64-linux]
program_name=/usr/bin/chef-client
executable=/opt/chef/bin/chef-client
Running handlers:
[2019-12-04T18:06:28+00:00] ERROR: Running exception handlers
Running handlers complete
[2019-12-04T18:06:28+00:00] ERROR: Exception handlers complete
Chef Client failed. 0 resources updated in 35 seconds
[2019-12-04T18:06:28+00:00] FATAL: Stacktrace dumped to /var/chef/cache/chef-stacktrace.out
[2019-12-04T18:06:28+00:00] FATAL: Please provide the contents of the stacktrace.out file if you file a bug report
[2019-12-04T18:06:28+00:00] FATAL: LoadError: cannot load such file -- chef/mixin/language
15.5.17 Chef出现了一个新的提示，该提示无法通过刀具引导程序处理：
Do you accept the 2 product licenses (yes/no)?
您无法从引导CLI接受这些命令，因此必须SSH到服务器并手动运行Chef，然后导致出现与14相同的错误：
================================================================================
Recipe Compile Error in /var/chef/cache/cookbooks/windows/libraries/windows_package.rb
================================================================================
LoadError
---------
cannot load such file -- chef/mixin/language
Cookbook Trace:
---------------
/var/chef/cache/cookbooks/windows/libraries/windows_package.rb:7:in `<top (required)>'
Relevant File Content:
----------------------
/var/chef/cache/cookbooks/windows/libraries/windows_package.rb:
1: require 'chef/resource/lwrp_base'
2: require 'chef/provider/lwrp_base'
3:
4: require 'win32/registry' if RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /mswin|mingw32|windows/
5:
6: require 'chef/mixin/shell_out'
7>> require 'chef/mixin/language'
8: class Chef
9: class Provider
10: class WindowsCookbookPackage < Chef::Provider::LWRPBase
11: include Chef::Mixin::ShellOut
12: include Windows::Helper
13:
14: # the logic in all action methods mirror that of
15: # the Chef::Provider::Package which will make
16: # refactoring into core chef easy
System Info:
------------
chef_version=15.5.17
platform=amazon
platform_version=2017.03
ruby=ruby 2.6.5p114 (2019-10-01 revision 67812) [x86_64-linux]
program_name=/usr/bin/chef-client
executable=/opt/chef/bin/chef-client
Running handlers:
[2019-12-04T18:14:03+00:00] ERROR: Running exception handlers
Running handlers complete
[2019-12-04T18:14:03+00:00] ERROR: Exception handlers complete
Chef Infra Client failed. 0 resources updated in 18 seconds
[2019-12-04T18:14:03+00:00] FATAL: Stacktrace dumped to /var/chef/cache/chef-stacktrace.out
[2019-12-04T18:14:03+00:00] FATAL: Please provide the contents of the stacktrace.out file if you file a bug report
[2019-12-04T18:14:03+00:00] FATAL: LoadError: cannot load such file -- chef/mixin/language
答案 0 :(得分：0)
15.5.17 Chef出现了一个新提示，该提示没有通过刀具引导程序处理：
Do you accept the 2 product licenses (yes/no)?您不能从引导CLI接受这些内容，因此必须通过SSH来 服务器并手动运行Chef
那是不正确的，您可以在引导节点接受厨师许可时使用--chef-license accept
如果我理解您的权利，则希望固定同一本食谱集的不同版本。如果是这种情况，可以使用environment来实现：
可以在每个环境中固定菜谱版本，这使您可以在将新菜谱版本发布到生产环境之前，通过连续的测试环境来控制新菜谱版本的发布。请参阅下面的环境格式示例，了解烹饪手册固定语法。
因此只需记住将节点与特定的Chef环境相关联，这样每个环境都有自己的Cookbook集合。