在此代码中:
import dataclasses
@dataclasses.dataclass
class MyClass:
value: str
obj = MyClass(value=1)
使用不遵循MyClass
类型的值实例化数据类value
。
是否存在一种简单的方法(使用装饰器,dataclass
装饰器或库中的参数)来强制字段的类型,以便示例中的最后一行引发ValueError
或类似的内容那?以这种方式执行类型是否有主要缺点?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
您可以声明一个自定义的__post_init__
方法(请参阅python's doc),然后将所有检查放在此处以强制进行类型检查。可以在父类中声明此方法以减少更改量。
import dataclasses
@dataclasses.dataclass()
class Parent:
def __post_init__(self):
for (name, field_type) in self.__annotations__.items():
if not isinstance(self.__dict__[name], field_type):
current_type = type(self.__dict__[name])
raise ValueError(f"The field `{name}` was assigned by `{current_type}` instead of `{field_type}`")
print("Check is passed successfully")
@dataclasses.dataclass()
class MyClass(Test):
value: str
obj1 = MyClass(value="1")
obj2 = MyClass(value=1)
结果:
Check is passed successfully
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "2.py", line 18, in <module>
obj2 = MyClass(value=1)
File "<string>", line 3, in __init__
File "2.py", line 12, in __post_init__
raise ValueError(f"The field `{name}` was assigned by `{current_type}` instead of `{field_type}`")
ValueError: The field `value` was assigned by `<class 'int'>` instead of `<class 'str'>`