如何解决Django中的“请求的设置INSTALLED_APPS，但未配置设置。”错误？

Question

运行views.py文件时出现以下错误。请注意，它在之前正常运行，我导入了ratesEUR模型：

views.py（根据@sayse的回复）：

from django.shortcuts import render
from models import ratesEUR
import json
import requests

def my_view(request):

response = requests.get("http://data.fixer.io/api/latest?access_key=XXX&base=EUR")

    rates_EUR = json.loads(response.content.decode('utf-8'))
    timestamp = rates_EUR['timestamp']
    base = rates_EUR['base']
    date = rates_EUR['date']
    rates = rates_EUR['rates']
    id = 1

    rates_new = ratesEUR(id=id, timestamp=timestamp, base=base, date=date, rates=rates)
    rates_new.save()

    return response(data={})

根据错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Jonas\Desktop\dashex\Quotes_app\views.py", line 2, in <module>
    from models import ratesEUR
  File "C:\Users\Jonas\Desktop\dashex\Quotes_app\models.py", line 4, in <module>
    class ratesEUR(models.Model):
  File "C:\Users\Jonas\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 103, in __new__
    app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
  File "C:\Users\Jonas\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 252, in get_containing_app_config
    self.check_apps_ready()
  File "C:\Users\Jonas\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 134, in check_apps_ready
    settings.INSTALLED_APPS
  File "C:\Users\Jonas\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 79, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "C:\Users\Jonas\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\conf\__init__.py", line 64, in _setup
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.
[Finished in 0.41s]

models.py：

from django.db import models


class ratesEUR(models.Model):
    timestamp = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    base = models.CharField(max_length=3)
    date = models.DateField(auto_now=False, auto_now_add=False)
    rates = models.CharField(max_length=8)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.base

settings.py：

import os.path
import os

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/static-files/


STATIC_ROOT = ''
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join('static'), )


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["127.0.0.1", "locahost"]


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'Quotes_app',
    'Wiki_app',
    'rest_framework',
]

项目目录：

我已经尝试过的方法：

• 将export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=dashex.settings插入并保存到venv/bin/activate中的代码底部，但是我的myvirtualenv文件夹中根本没有这样的目录。

链接：ImproperlyConfigured: You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings

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• 运行export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=dashex.settings。这导致我的Shell中出现语法错误。

链接：ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured - Scraper

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• 根据官方Django文档将DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE = DASHEX.settings插入我的settings.py文件中，但这没有任何效果。

链接：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/settings/#designating-the-settings

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那么我该在哪里以及如何根据错误本身的建议来定义the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE，以“可能”解决该问题？

在此先非常感谢您的帮助！

Answer 1

您的视图不是视图，它只是在从views.py首次导入时将运行的代码，您需要使其成为视图

def my_view(request):

    response = requests.get("http://data.fixer.io/api/latest?access_key=XXX&base=EUR")

    rates_EUR = json.loads(response.content.decode('utf-8'))
    timestamp = rates_EUR['timestamp']
    base = rates_EUR['base']
    date = rates_EUR['date']
    rates = rates_EUR['rates']
    id = 1

    rates_new = ratesEUR(id=id, timestamp=timestamp, base=base, date=date, rates=rates)
    rates_new.save()

    return JsonResponse(data={})

Answer 2

您真正的问题是，您尝试直接运行views.py脚本，而不是django的工作原理，您可以通过设置的url访问视图。

您的两个选择，

• 都可以像通常一样使用url调用视图

• 使用Django shell

python manage.py shell

from .views import my_view
my_view(None)

Answer 3

第一个建议是使用from .models而不是from models，第二个建议是缩进响应，使它位于视图cos中，因为问题一经出现，您将在语法问题上看到语法错误2通过了。

settings.py是什么样的？您是否将应用程序添加到已安装的应用程序变量中？