Python HTTP请求和调试级别日志记录到日志文件

时间：2019-11-06 20:42:16

标签： python python-3.x logging

我很难在HTTP请求的日志文件中获取DEBUG级别的日志，例如从控制台获取日志：

DEBUG:urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTPS connection (1): URI:443
DEBUG:urllib3.connectionpool:URL:443 "POST /endpoint HTTP/1.1" 200 None

以下代码：

import logging
from logging.handlers import TimedRotatingFileHandler
_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    def setup_logging(loglevel):
        logFormatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s [%(threadName)-12.12s] [%(levelname)-5.5s]  %(message)s")

        if loglevel is not None:
            if loglevel == 10:
                  http.client.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1
            logformat = "%(asctime)s [%(threadName)-12.12s] [%(levelname)-5.5s]  %(message)s"
            logging.basicConfig(level=loglevel, stream=sys.stdout, format=logformat, datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

        fileHandler = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler("{0}/{1}.log".format(logPath, logFileName), when="midnight")
        fileHandler.setFormatter(logFormatter)
        _logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
        _logger.addHandler(fileHandler)

当我使用logging.DEBUG进行调用时，日志文件将只包含我在代码中指定为_logger.info或_logger.debug的内容，与控制台日志输出没有类似之处。

PS。 示例代码我怎么称呼它：

def main(args):
    args = parse_args(args)
    cfg = config(args.env)
    setup_logging(logging.DEBUG, cfg)
    requests.get("https://stackoverflow.com/a/58769712/100297")

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：4)

您要在错误的位置添加处理程序和级别更改。

Python日志记录模块根据记录器对象的名称以及这些名称中是否存在.分隔符来将其视为存在于层次结构中的对象。逻辑上将记录器的名称"foo.bar.baz"放置为foo.bar和foo的子代（如果存在）。根记录器是层次结构的基础，它没有名称。您可以使用logging.getLogger()访问它（没有参数，尽管''和None也可以）。

现在，在记录消息时，首先必须使消息通过记录器的有效级别。如果它们通过了，则只要消息清除了找到的每个处理程序的级别，就将消息从当前记录器传递到每个记录器的处理程序，直到根。

要查找有效级别，请遍历层次结构以找到具有级别集的最近记录器对象；如果没有，则消息总是通过。在遍历层次结构以查找处理程序时，日志对象会阻止传播（propagate设置为False），此时遍历停止。

当您尝试处理urllib3.connectionpool()的消息时，需要将处理程序放在以下三个位置之一：urllib3.connectionpool的记录器，urllib3的记录器或根记录器。您的代码不这样做。

您改为在自己的记录器上使用其他名称设置处理程序：

_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

保证与根记录器不匹配（__name__必须为空，从来都不是），也不能与urllib3或urllib3.connectionpool记录器匹配（这意味着您的模块是也称为urllib3或urllib3.connectionpool)。

由于urllib3.connectionpool日志消息将不在路径中，因此永远不会为您的处理程序提供这些消息。

相反，您要配置 root记录器：

fileHandler = logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler("{0}/{1}.log".format(logPath, logFileName), when="midnight")
fileHandler.setFormatter(logFormatter)
root = logging.getLogger()
root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
root.addHandler(fileHandler)

您可以将每个 handler 的日志级别设置为要在该处理程序上看到的日志级别，而不是在根记录器上（或除根记录器之外）。请记住，在根记录器上设置的级别用于确定层次结构中其他未直接设置级别的记录器的有效级别，并且该有效级别充当所有邮件的“高水位标记”。如果根记录器设置为INFO，并且未配置其他处理程序，则您的处理程序将永远不会看到DEBUG消息。根记录器的默认级别为WARNING。

您通常只想在模块中使用命名记录器来生成日志消息，并将所有处理程序置于根目录下。还有其他专门的方法，可以“高级”使用记录器模块（例如，专门用于urllib3日志消息的专用，独立的处理程序，或者通过将其最低级别的记录器对象设置为propagate = False来使整个程序包静音）。

最后，logging.basicConfig()也会配置根记录器，但是，如果根记录器上没有处理程序，则仅配置 。如果使用force=True，则basicConfig()将删除所有现有的处理程序，然后在根目录上配置这些处理程序。它将始终创建一个Formatter()实例并将其设置在所有处理程序上。

您可以使用basicConfig()来满足根记录器需要的所有 ：

import http.client
import logging
import os.path
import sys
from logging.handlers import TimedRotatingFileHandler

def setup_logging(loglevel):
    # the file handler receives all messages from level DEBUG on up, regardless
    fileHandler = TimedRotatingFileHandler(
        os.path.join(logPath, logFileName + ".log"),
        when="midnight"
    )
    fileHandler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    handlers = [fileHandler]

    if loglevel is not None:
        # if a log level is configured, use that for logging to the console
        stream_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
        stream_handler.setLevel(loglevel)
        handlers.append(stream_handler)

    if loglevel == logging.DEBUG:
        # when logging at debug level, make http.client extra chatty too
        # http.client *uses `print()` calls*, not logging.
        http.client.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

    # finally, configure the root logger with our choice of handlers
    # the logging level of the root set to DEBUG (defaults to WARNING otherwise).
    logformat = "%(asctime)s [%(threadName)-12.12s] [%(levelname)-5.5s]  %(message)s"
    logging.basicConfig(
        format=logformat, datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
        handlers=handlers, level=logging.DEBUG
    )

旁注：http.client库不使用logging 输出调试消息；它将始终使用print()来输出它们。如果您希望看到这些消息出现在日志中，则需要对库进行猴子补丁处理，并添加一个备用print()全局变量：

import http.client
import logging

http_client_logger = logging.getLogger("http.client")

def print_to_log(*args):
    http_client_logger.debug(" ".join(args)) 

# monkey-patch a `print` global into the http.client module; all calls to
# print() in that module will then use our print_to_log implementation
http.client.print = print_to_log

应用上述http.client技巧和setup_logging(logging.DEBUG)后，当我使用stdout时，我看到以下日志同时出现在requests.get("https://stackoverflow.com/a/58769712/100297")和文件中：

2019-11-08 16:17:26 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  Starting new HTTPS connection (1): stackoverflow.com:443
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  send: b'GET /a/58769712/100297 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: stackoverflow.com\r\nUser-Agent: python-requests/2.22.0\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nAccept: */*\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n'
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  reply: 'HTTP/1.1 302 Found\r\n'
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Cache-Control: private
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Location: /questions/58738195/python-http-request-and-debug-level-logging-to-the-log-file/58769712#58769712
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-Request-Guid: 761bd2f8-3e5c-453a-ab46-d01284940541
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=15552000
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Feature-Policy: microphone 'none'; speaker 'none'
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Content-Security-Policy: upgrade-insecure-requests; frame-ancestors 'self' https://stackexchange.com
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Accept-Ranges: bytes
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Age: 0
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Content-Length: 214
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Accept-Ranges: bytes
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Date: Fri, 08 Nov 2019 16:17:27 GMT
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Via: 1.1 varnish
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Age: 0
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Connection: keep-alive
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-Served-By: cache-lhr7324-LHR
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-Cache: MISS
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-Cache-Hits: 0
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-Timer: S1573229847.069848,VS0,VE80
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Vary: Fastly-SSL
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-DNS-Prefetch-Control: off
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Set-Cookie: prov=0e92634f-abce-9f8e-1865-0d35ebecc595; domain=.stackoverflow.com; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-2055 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; HttpOnly
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  https://stackoverflow.com:443 "GET /a/58769712/100297 HTTP/1.1" 302 214
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  send: b'GET /questions/58738195/python-http-request-and-debug-level-logging-to-the-log-file/58769712 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: stackoverflow.com\r\nUser-Agent: python-requests/2.22.0\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nAccept: */*\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nCookie: prov=0e92634f-abce-9f8e-1865-0d35ebecc595\r\n\r\n'
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  reply: 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Cache-Control: private
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Content-Encoding: gzip
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Last-Modified: Fri, 08 Nov 2019 16:16:07 GMT
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-Request-Guid: 5e48399e-a91c-44aa-aad6-00a96014131f
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=15552000
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Feature-Policy: microphone 'none'; speaker 'none'
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Content-Security-Policy: upgrade-insecure-requests; frame-ancestors 'self' https://stackexchange.com
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Accept-Ranges: bytes
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Age: 0
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Content-Length: 42625
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Accept-Ranges: bytes
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Date: Fri, 08 Nov 2019 16:17:27 GMT
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Via: 1.1 varnish
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Age: 0
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Connection: keep-alive
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-Served-By: cache-lhr7324-LHR
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-Cache: MISS
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-Cache-Hits: 0
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-Timer: S1573229847.189349,VS0,VE95
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: Vary: Accept-Encoding,Fastly-SSL
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  header: X-DNS-Prefetch-Control: off
2019-11-08 16:17:27 [MainThread  ] [DEBUG]  https://stackoverflow.com:443 "GET /questions/58738195/python-http-request-and-debug-level-logging-to-the-log-file/58769712 HTTP/1.1" 200 42625

您可以使用以下文件复制该文件：

import requests
import sys

logPath, logFileName = "/tmp", "demo"
level = logging.DEBUG if "-v" in sys.argv else None
setup_logging(level)

requests.get("https://stackoverflow.com/a/58769712/100297")

除了上面的代码外添加。然后，您可以使用python <script.py> -v来将级别设置为“ verbose”，并将其与python <script.py>进行比较，而根本没有设置级别。

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