我正在尝试制作一个简单的脚本，给它一个名称，它创建一个文件夹，并在其中包含5个子文件夹，并在其他文件夹中添加我有的typo-xls。我可以创建文件夹并创建一个Xls，稍后再在此新文件夹中替换它，但似乎无法复制该文件。应该是什么问题？
import os
import time
import shutil
import xlsxwriter
from os.path import join
print("Seja bem-vindo ao programa de Criação de Pastas.")
time.sleep(2)
#Qual a referência
ref=input("Qual a referência que pretende criar? (A,B ou C) : ")
if ref=='A':
os.chdir(r"\\server\3Via\Referências A - Para Vender")
dst=r"\\server\3Via\Referências A - Para Vender"
elif ref=='B':
os.chdir(r"\\server\3Via\Referências B - Parceria")
dst=r"\\server\3Via\Referências B - Parceria"
elif ref=='C':
os.chdir(r"\\server\3Via\Referências C - Comprar")
dst=r"\\server\3Via\Referências C - Comprar"
else :
print("A referência inserida não está disponível! ")
time.sleep(2)
sys.exit()
folder=input("Digite o nome desejado para a pasta principal: ")
if not os.path.exists(folder): os.makedirs(folder)
#Criação das Pastas
os.chdir(folder)
os.makedirs('Citius')
os.makedirs('Portal das Finanças')
os.makedirs('Portal da Justiça')
os.makedirs('Racius e BP')
os.makedirs('Docs Importantes')
print("Pastas adicionadas com sucesso! ")
time.sleep(1)
#Copiar check-list para pasta
nomeficheiro='Check-list ' + folder[:-12]
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(nomeficheiro)
workbook.close()
print("Ficheiro Criado com sucesso! ")
time.sleep(1)
src="\\server\3Via\...Docs Tipo"
shutil.copyfile(src=src+"/Check-list interna.xls", dst= dst+folder+nomeficheiro)
print("Check-list adicionada com sucesso! ")
time.sleep(5)
我只希望它替换我已经可以创建的文件。
答案 0 :(得分：0)
首先，我建议您使用pathlib代替字符串。
Windows使用反斜杠，例如C:\Users\Sam\AppData\
Linux使用正斜杠C:/Users/Sam/AppData/
使用反斜杠的问题是字符串，因为它们具有特殊含义。例如，C:\Users\nanny将插入换行符\n。
使用pathlib.Path可以使用正斜杠，而不会出现该问题。
import pathlib
path = pathlib.Path("C:/Users/nanny")
无需测试即可测试程序 在命令行上一遍又一遍地键入信息。您和其他人将想按一个按钮 做到这一点。
我们不想看到以下内容：
folder=input("Digite o nome desejado para a pasta principal: ")
一个问题是“ /server/3Via/... Docs Type”不是有效路径。
另一个问题是parent_folder[:-12]从文件夹名称中删除最后12个字符。我认为您要 USE 文件夹名称中的最后12个字符，而不是 删除 。如果文件夹名称较短，则删除最后12个文件夹名称将完全删除该文件夹名称。使用parent_folder[-12:]代替parent_folder[:-12]
不信任相对路径和chdir。请只使用绝对路径；仅在任何给定时刻知道当前工作目录是什么。
我写了一些代码。 它产生以下目录树：
server/
3Via/
ReferencesA-ForSale/
abba_dabba_do_xyz/
Check-listdabba_do_xyz.xlsx
internalchecklist.xls
Citius/
Finance Portal/
Important Docs/
Portal of Justice/
Racius and BP/
代码如下：
import os
import shutil
import xlsxwriter
import pathlib as pl
import sys
import io
path_lookup = {
'A':pl.Path("/server/3Via/ReferencesA-ForSale"),
'B':pl.Path("/server/3Via/ReferencesB-Partnership"),
'C':pl.Path("/server/3Via/ReferencesC-Buy")
}
def pprint_path_lookup(path_lookup):
with io.StringIO() as string__stream:
for key in path_lookup.keys():
print(
key.ljust(4), path_lookup[key],
file = string__stream,
sep = ""
)
msg = string__stream.getvalue()
return msg
class AI:
def notify_without_seeking_response(self, *args, sep=" "):
print(40 * "#")
print(*args, sep=sep)
print(40 * "#")
def notify_and_get_response(self, *args):
prompt = "\n".join(str(arg) for arg in args)
prompt = prompt.strip()
if "reference do you want to create?(A, B or C):" in prompt:
response = "A"
elif "desired name for the parent fold" in prompt:
response = "abba_dabba_do_xyz"
else:
msg = "\ncomputer does not understand the prompt"
msg += "\n"
msg += prompt
raise ValueError(msg)
print(40*"#")
print(prompt)
print()
print(response)
print(40 * "#")
return response
class Human:
def notify_without_seeking_response(self, *args):
print(*args)
def notify_and_get_response(self, *args, sep=" "):
prompt = sep.join(str(arg) for arg in args)
choice = input(prompt)
choice = choice.strip()
return choice
def folder_creation_program(partner):
return_data = dict()
partner.notify_without_seeking_response(
"Welcome to the Folder Creation program."
)
path = None
for _ in range(20):
options = pprint_path_lookup(path_lookup)
ref = partner.notify_and_get_response(
options,
"What reference do you want to create?(A, B or C):"
)
path = path_lookup.get(ref)
if path:
break
else:
partner.notify_without_seeking_response(
ref, "is invalid input"
)
if not path:
msg = "failed to enter correct menu input after many tries"
raise ValueError(msg)
folder_name = partner.notify_and_get_response(
"Enter the desired name for the parent folder:"
)
folder_name = folder_name.strip()
folder_path = path / folder_name
partner.notify_without_seeking_response(
"Preparing to make:\n",
folder_path
)
if not os.path.exists(folder_path):
os.makedirs(folder_path)
partner.notify_without_seeking_response(
"Successfully made:\n",
folder_path
)
else:
partner.notify_without_seeking_response(
"Folder already exists:\n",
folder_path
)
# Folder Creation
child_folders = [
'Citius',
'Finance Portal',
'Portal of Justice',
'Racius and BP',
'Important Docs'
]
for child in child_folders:
child_path = folder_path / child
partner.notify_without_seeking_response(
"Preparing to make folder:\n ", child_path
)
if not os.path.isdir(child_path):
os.makedirs(child_path)
else:
partner.notify_without_seeking_response(
"folder\n ", child_path,
"\nalready exists. Leaving it alone."
)
partner.notify_without_seeking_response(
"Folders added successfully!"
)
# create new file
check_list_path = folder_path / ('Check-list' + folder_name[-12:] + ".xlsx")
partner.notify_without_seeking_response(
"Writing checklist to:\n ",
str(check_list_path)
)
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(check_list_path)
workbook.close()
partner.notify_without_seeking_response(
"File Created Successfully!\n ",
str(check_list_path)
)
# COPY .xlsx file to somewhere else
src = check_list_path
dst = folder_path / "internalchecklist.xls"
shutil.copyfile(src=src, dst=dst)
partner.notify_without_seeking_response(
"Checklist copied successfully!\n ",
dst
)
return
folder_creation_program(AI())