Laravel引用字符串值而不是ID

Question

现在，我将时间条目按类别和月份分组。类别存储在单独的表中，我在主时间表上使用称为category_id的外键约束来引用它们。我将时间按category_id分组，但我想按类别名称（即字符串值）对时间进行分组。

是否应该通过为类别创建列来将类别存储在主时间表中？

当前，我有一个带有以下内容的“时间”表：

        Schema::create('times', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->bigIncrements('id');
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('category_id');
            $table->date('start_day');
            $table->time('start_time');
            $table->time('finish_time');
            $table->time('duration');
            $table->text('notes');
            $table->timestamps();

            $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users');
            $table->foreign('category_id')->references('id')->on('categories');
    }

和带有以下内容的类别表：

       Schema::create('categories', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->bigIncrements('id');
            $table->timestamps();
            $table->string('type');
        });
    }

我将时间按类别和月份分组，如下所示：

 public function show(User $user) 
    {
        $data = collect(array_fill(1, 12, []))
            ->replace(
                $user->times()
                    ->whereYear('start_day', 2019)
                    ->groupBy('category_id', \DB::raw('month(start_day)'))
                    ->select([
                        'category_id',
                        \DB::raw('month(start_day) as month'),
                        \DB::raw('sum(duration) as duration'),
                    ])
                    ->orderBy(\DB::raw('month(start_day)'))
                    ->get()
                    ->mapToGroups(function ($item) {
                        return [$item['month'] => [
                            $item['category_id'] => $this->formatDuration($item['duration'])
                        ]];
                    })
                    ->mapWithKeys(function ($item, $key) {
                        return [$key => $item->collapse()];
                    })
            )
            ->mapToGroups(function ($item, $key) {
                $month = \DateTime::createFromFormat('!m', $key)->format('M');
                return [$month => $item];
            });

        return view('report.show', compact('data'));
    }

如果我dd（$ data）会输出，其中包含11月每个类别的1次输入示例。我一共有5个类别：

Collection {#327 ▼
  #items: array:12 [▼
    "Jan" => Collection {#315 ▶}
    "Feb" => Collection {#332 ▶}
    "Mar" => Collection {#335 ▶}
    "Apr" => Collection {#334 ▶}
    "May" => Collection {#333 ▶}
    "Jun" => Collection {#316 ▶}
    "Jul" => Collection {#320 ▶}
    "Aug" => Collection {#313 ▶}
    "Sep" => Collection {#318 ▶}
    "Oct" => Collection {#294 ▶}
    "Nov" => Collection {#321 ▼
      #items: array:1 [▼
        0 => Collection {#336 ▼
          #items: array:5 [▼
            0 => "12:00"
            1 => "11:00"
            2 => "12:00"
            3 => "12:00"
            4 => "12:00"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
    "Dec" => Collection {#328 ▶}
  ]

相反，我想要的输出是：

"Nov" => Collection {#321 ▼
      #items: array:1 [▼
        0 => Collection {#336 ▼
          #items: array:5 [▼
            'Category Type 1' => "12:00"
            'Category Type 2' => "11:00"
            'Category Type 3' => "12:00"
            'Category Type 4' => "12:00"
            'Category Type 5' => "12:00"
          ]
        }

是否可以通过使用category_id从类别表中引用“类型”？

时间模型：

class Time extends Model
{
    protected $guarded = [];

    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }

    public function category()
    {
        return $this->hasOne('App\Category');
    }


}

类别模型：

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

class Category extends Model
{
    protected $guarded = [];

 public function time() {
        return $this->belongsTo('App\Time');
    }

}

用户模型：

<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use Notifiable;

    public function times()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Time::class);
    }

    public function categories()
    {
        return $this->hasMany('App\Category');
    }
}