如何用玩笑和酶测试具有异步功能的React组件

时间:2019-10-30 06:53:52

标签: reactjs jestjs enzyme

我有一个组件:

RandomGif.js

import React, { Component } from "react";
import Gif from "./Gif";
import Loader from "./library/Loader";
import { fetchRandom } from "../resources/api";

class RandomGif extends Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);

    this.handleClick = this.handleClick.bind(this);
  }

  state = {
    loading: false,
    gif: null
  };

  componentDidMount() {
    this.handleClick();
  }

  async handleClick() {
    let gifContent = null;

    try {
      this.setState({
        loading: true
      });

      const result = await fetchRandom();

      if (!!result && result.data) {
        gifContent = {
          id: result.data.id,
          imageUrl: result.data.images.downsized_large.url,
          staticImageUrl: result.data.images.downsized_still.url,
          title: result.data.title
        };
      }
    } catch (e) {
      console.error(e);
    } finally {
      this.setState({
        loading: false,
        gif: gifContent
      });
    }
  }

  render() {
    const { gif, loading } = this.state;

    const showResults = gif && !loading;

    return (
      <div className="random">
        {!showResults && <Loader />}

        <button className="btn" onClick={this.handleClick}>
          RANDOMISE
        </button>

        {showResults && <Gif data={gif} />}
      </div>
    );
  }
}

export default RandomGif;

如果我直接从此组件的实例调用方法,则可以成功测试状态是否正在更新。但是,如果我模拟按钮单击,则不会更新任何内容,并且测试失败。我尝试了setImmediatesetTimeout的技巧,但这些技巧不起作用。

到目前为止,我还无法编写以下测试用例:

  • 模拟按钮单击。
  • 模拟生命周期方法。

这是我到目前为止提出的。

RandomGif.spec.js

import React from "react";
import { shallow, mount } from "enzyme";
import RandomGif from "./RandomGif";

describe("Generate Random Gif", () => {
  it("should render correctly.", () => {
    const wrapper = shallow(<RandomGif />);

    expect(wrapper).toMatchSnapshot();
  });

  it("should load a random GIF on calling handleSearch fn.", async () => {
    const wrapper = mount(<RandomGif />);
    const instance = wrapper.instance();

    expect(wrapper.state("gif")).toBe(null);

    await instance.handleClick();

    expect(wrapper.state("gif")).not.toBe(null);
  });

  it("THIS TEST FAILS!!!", () => {
    const wrapper = mount(<RandomGif />);

    expect(wrapper.state("gif")).toBe(null);

    wrapper.find('button').simulate('click');
    wrapper.update()

    expect(wrapper.state("gif")).not.toBe(null);
  });
});

api.py

export const fetchRandom = async () => {
  const url = `some_url`;

  try {
    const response = await fetch(url);

    return await response.json();
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(e);
  }

  return null;
};

请帮助我找出称为“前端测试”的难题的缺失部分。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

  1. 我们需要mock fetchRandom,以便在测试期间不会发送任何实际请求。
import { fetchRandom } from "../resources/api";

jest.mock("../resources/api"); // due to automocking fetchRandom is jest.fn()

// somewhere in the it()
fetchRandom.mockReturnValue(Promise.resolve({ data: { images: ..., title: ..., id: ...} }))
  1. 由于模拟是一个Promise(已解决-但仍然可以保证),因此我们需要setTimeoutawait <anything>来使组件的代码实现此Promise已解决。全部与microtasks/macrotasks queue有关。
wrapper.find('button').simulate('click');
await Promise.resolve();
// component has already been updated here

it("test something" , (done) => {
wrapper.find('button').simulate('click');
setTimeout(() => {
  // do our checks on updated component
  done();  
}); // 0 by default, but it still works

})

顺便说一句,您已经做到了

await instance.handleClick();

但对我来说,它看起来和说的一样神奇

await 42;

此外,它还可以工作(查看微任务/宏任务上的链接),我认为这会使测试的可读性更差(“ handleClick返回需要等待什么?”)。因此,我建议使用繁琐但不太混乱的await Promise.resolve();甚至是await undefined;

  1. 直接引用state并直接调用实例方法都是反模式。只是一句话(我完全同意Kent C. Dodds的引用):
  

总而言之,如果您的测试使用instance()或state(),请知道您正在测试用户可能不了解甚至不在意的事情,这将使您对测试的信心进一步提高当您的用户使用它们时,一切都会起作用。

让我们检查渲染结果:

import Loader from "./library/Loader";

...
wrapper.find('button').simulate('click');
expect(wrapper.find(Loader)).toHaveLength(1);
await Promise.resolve();
expect(wrapper.find(Loader)).toHaveLength(1);
expect(wrapper.find(Gif).prop("data")).toEqual(data_we_mocked_in_mock)

让我们完全明白:

import {shallow} from "enzyme";
import Gif from "./Gif";
import Loader from "./library/Loader";
import { fetchRandom } from "../resources/api";

jest.mock( "../resources/api");

const someMockForFetchRandom = { data: { id: ..., images: ..., title: ... }};

it("shows loader while loading", async () => {
  fetchRandom.mockReturnValue(Promise.resolve(someMockForFetchRandom));
  const wrapper = shallow(<RandomGif />);
  expect(wrapper.find(Loader)).toHaveLength(0);
  wrapper.find('button').simulate('click');
  expect(wrapper.find(Loader)).toHaveLength(1);
  await Promise.resolve();
  expect(wrapper.find(Loader)).toHaveLength(0);
});

it("renders images up to response", async () => {
  fetchRandom.mockReturnValue(Promise.resolve(someMockForFetchRandom));
  const wrapper = shallow(<RandomGif />);
  wrapper.find('button').simulate('click');
  expect(wrapper.find(Gif)).toHaveLength(0);
  await Promise.resolve();
  expect(wrapper.find(Gif).props()).toEqual( {
    id: someMockForFetchRandom.data.id,
    imageUrl: someMockForFetchRandom.data.images.downsized_large.url,
    staticImageUrl: someMockForFetchRandom.data.images.downsized_still.url,
    title: someMockForFetchRandom.data.title
  });
});